police cars (also called police cars , police cars , thieves , patrol cars b>, car radio or mobile mobile patrol radio (RMP) ) is a ground vehicle used by police to transport during patrols and to enable them to respond to incidents and chases. The typical uses of police cars include transporting officers so they can reach the scene quickly, transporting and holding suspects in the backseat, as a location to use their police radio or laptop or to patrol in an area, all while providing a deterrent deterrent to crime. Some police cars are specially adapted for specific locations (eg busy traffic tasks on busy roads) or for certain operations (eg to transport police dogs or bomb squads). Police cars usually have flash lights on the roof, sirens, and emblems or signs indicating that the vehicle is a police car. Some police cars may have reinforced bumpers and hall lights, to illuminate the dark alleys.
Requirements for police cars include cars (police), patrol cars, car areas, and patrol cars. In some places, police cars can also be informally known as police cars, black and white, cherry tops, stupid machines, bread jams or panda cars. Depending on the configuration of emergency lights and livery, police cars may be considered marked or unmarked units.
Video Police car
Histori
The first police car was an electric-driven cart on the streets of Akron, Ohio, in 1899. The first operator of a patrol police patrol was an Akron police officer Louis Mueller, Sr. It can reach 16 mph (26 km/h) and travel 30 miles (48 km) before the battery needs to be recharged. The car was built by the town's mechanical engineer, Frank Loomis. The $ 2,400 vehicle is equipped with electric lights, gongs and stretchers. The first task of a car is to pick up a drunken man at the intersection of Main and Exchange streets.
Ford introduced the Ford flathead V-8 in its Model B, as the first mass-marketed V8 car in 1932. In the 1940s, major American automakers began to produce special police cars.
Maps Police car
Usage
In some areas of the world, police cars have become more widely used than police officers "walking on a knock". Placing officers in vehicles also allows them to carry more equipment, such as an automated external defibrillator for people in a heart attack or road cone for a traffic barrier, and allows for faster transport of suspects to hold facilities. The vehicle also enables the transport of a large number of personnel, such as the SWAT team.
Disabled police cars are often sold to the general public, either through police auctions or private sellers, after about 3-5 years of use. Such cars are usually sold relatively cheaply due to very high mileage on these cars, in some cases exceeding the 300,000 mile mark (480,000 km). In some cases, these cars were redesigned as taxis as a cheap way for taxi companies to buy cars rather than fleet service vehicles. In all cases, cars were stripped of their police signs as well as most of the internal equipment; Yet engines are usually left intact, and often larger engines than their civil counterparts.
Functional type
There are several types of police cars.
Patrol car
The replacing car runs for a police officer 'knock'. Its main function is to pass a normal police officer between their duties (such as taking statements or visit alerts). The patrol car is also capable of responding to emergencies, and thus usually comes with visual and sound warnings.
Car response (car chaser)
Car responses are similar to patrol cars, but may have higher specifications, are capable of reaching higher speeds, and will surely be equipped with voice and visual warnings. These cars are usually only used to respond to emergency incidents, so they are designed for fast travel, and can carry special equipment, such as assault rifles, or rifles. In the UK, each station usually has only one, called the car area.
Traffic car
Police car traffic, known in the UK as a Road Police Unit, is a car designed for the task of enforcing traffic laws, and thus typically has the highest performance of any police vehicle, as they must be able to catch most of the other vehicles on the road. They may be equipped with a special bumper designed to force the vehicle out of the way, and may have visual and audible warnings, with special audible warnings that can be heard from further distances. In some police forces, the term traffic car may refer to cars specifically equipped for traffic control in addition to enforcing traffic laws. Thus, these cars may differ only slightly from patrol cars, including having radar and laser speed detection equipment, traffic cones, flares, and traffic control signs.
Versatile car
Some police forces do not distinguish between patrols, responses and traffic cars, and can use one vehicle to fulfill some or all roles although in some cases this may be inappropriate (such as police city vehicles in high speed pursuits on the highway). These cars are usually a compromise between different functions with added or deleted elements.
Community liaison car
This is a standard production car, which is clearly marked, but without visual and sound warning tools. It is used by community police officers to show attendance, transporting them between jobs and making appearances at community events. These cars do not respond to emergencies.
Unlicensed car
Many forces also operate unmarked cars, in one of the roles shown above, but most often for the use of traffic enforcement or detectives. They have the advantage of being not immediately recognizable, and are a valuable tool in catching criminals when crime is still occurring. In the United States, unmarked cars are also used by federal law enforcement agencies such as the FBI and Secret Service, but can be recognized by their US government plates. However, not all unmarked police cars have license plates. Many US jurisdictions use regular license plate plates issued for unmarked cars, especially gang repressive units and preventative representatives. Also see Q-car.
There have been cases where criminals have attracted motorists while pretending to drive unmarked police cars, a form of police imitation. Some US police officers advise motorists that they should not stop at remote locations and can instead wait until they reach a safer place. In Britain, officers must wear uniforms to make traffic stop. Drivers can also request a police badge. Motorists often have the option of calling a non-emergency number (such as Police 101 in the UK) or, if the country does not have it, an emergency number. This phone call can then be used to verify that the original police car (and officer).
Unit dog
This type of car is used to transport police dogs. In some jurisdictions, this would be a station wagon or van-based car, because of the installation of a cage to carry dogs. These units can also be known as the K9 unit (the canine tooth homophone, also used to refer to the animal itself). These cars are usually marked to warn people that there is a police dog on board.
Watchdog
Troops can operate surveillance cars. These cars may be marked or unmarked, and there to collect evidence of a criminal offense. An unmarked car may have a CCTV camera mounted on the roof to prevent mistakes, while an unmarked car will hide it inside. This type of vehicle is very common in the United Kingdom. In the United States, some police departments', narcotics, and gang repression units utilize vehicles that do not contain identifiable police equipment (such as lights, sirens or radios) for secret surveillance. Some police vehicles equipped with surveillance are temple cars deployed in areas of high-volume car theft.
High visibility feed car
Some police use vehicles (or sometimes fake "cut out" vehicles) to prevent crime. They may be old vehicles that are retired from use, stock models being converted back as police cars, or metal marks made to look like police cars. They are placed in areas deemed vulnerable to crime to provide a high visibility presence without committing an officer. These examples can be seen on many major roads, highways and highways. In 2005, the Virginia (United States) legislature considered a law stating, in part: "Every time a law enforcement vehicle is permanently removed from service... the vehicle must be placed in a prominent location within the road median to prevent a violation the motor vehicle law at that location should be rotated from one location to another as needed to safeguard their deterrent effect. "; Such cars can also be used in conjunction with the manned units hidden further down the road to trick the speeders into speeding up again, and driven by manned cars. In Chicago, Illinois, a highly visible small fleet of vans are parked along state and federal highways with automatic speed detection and camera equipment, monitoring both for speeder and other offenders by the license plate. Tickets are then sent to offenders or, if there are other crimes associated with licensed owners, may be served by more manned vehicles on the road.
Rescue unit
In some jurisdictions, police may operate rescue services, and special units will be required for this.
Disposal of explosive weaponry
In jurisdictions where police are responsible for, or participating in, explosive weapon disposal squads (bomb squads), special vehicles carrying crew and team equipment.
Car demonstration
Cars that are not for active duty, but only for display. These are often high-performing or modified cars, sometimes confiscated from criminals, used to attempt to convey certain messages (such as with DARE programs), or to help break barriers with specific groups (such as using a car with modifications' jumps '' Suspension as a talking point with young people '.
To show the police what is new, a police car marked with the name of the manufacturer (Ford, General Motors, Chrysler) can be displayed with the words "No In Service" to show what's new with the car model and get feedback from the police department. Companies like Whelen, Federal Signal and Code 3 also have a demo car with their names on the side and show the police what's new in the field of emergency vehicle equipment.
Unrest riot vehicle
These vehicles can be divided into three sub-categories. The modified truck is equipped with water cannon, car modification and APC modification (Armored Personnel Carrier). Their function is to help control the unrest. Modified stock cars will have sealed windows for protection against objects thrown at them and may include mini buses, 4x4 freight cars or van prisoners. APCs usually will not need additional protection but their modifications may include some sort of tear gas release method or a shield that is revealed to create an obstacle. Water cannon vehicles are used either to break up riots or extinguish the fires set by the rioters. Although ordinary water is usually used some variations may include tear gas or special dye (to mark the people present for later understood). Previous firefighters are used as anti-riot vehicles of this type. As a non-lethal method, and effectively cleanse protesters or rioters, Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) can be used. The LRAD is a device that can send annoying announcements, warnings, and painful pain-inducing tones.
Tools
Police cars are usually models of passenger cars that are upgraded to the specifications required by purchasing power. Some vehicle manufacturers, such as Ford, General Motors, and Dodge, provide "police package" options, built to police specifications at the plant. Police forces can add to this modification by adding their own equipment and making their own modifications after purchasing a vehicle.
Mechanical modifications
Police car modifications may be adjusted for higher durability, speed, high mileage driving, and long periods of idling at higher temperatures. This is usually done with heavy duty suspension, brakes, calibrated speedometers, tires, alternators, transmissions, and cooling systems, and sometimes also includes slight modifications to the car stock or engine mounts that are stronger than the standard in the model.. It's also common to increase the capacity of the car's electrical system to accommodate the use of additional electronic equipment.
Security equipment
Police vehicles are often equipped with AEDs (automatic external defibrillators), first aid boxes, fire extinguishers, flares, buoys, barrier tapes, etc.
Visual and visual warning
Police vehicles are often equipped with visual and visual warning systems to alert other drivers about their approach or position on the road. In many countries, the use of voice and visual warnings gives the exception level officer of road traffic laws (such as the right to exceed speed limits, or to treat red stop lights as a result mark) and may also suggest tasks to other drivers to get out of the way a police car journey or face a possible prosecution.
A visual warning on a police car may consist of two types: either passive or active .
Passive visual warning
Passive visual warning is a mark on the vehicle. Police signs usually use bright colors or strong contrast with the vehicle's base color. Modern police vehicles in some countries have refloreflective signs that reflect light for better visibility at night. Other police vehicles may be painting or non-reflective signs. Most marked police vehicles in England and Sweden have a reflective Battenburg sign on its sides, which is a large blue and yellow rectangle. These signs are designed to have high contrast and are highly visible on the road, to prevent crime and improve safety. Another passive visual warning of a police vehicle is merely the shadow of the interceptor. This is easily observed in the United States, where the ubiquitous nature of the Ford Crown Victoria in a police fleet has made the model synonymous with police vehicles.
Police marker schemes usually include Police or similar phrases (such as State Trooper or Highway Patrol ) or the power symbol. Some police use unmarked vehicles, which have no passive visual warning at all, and others (called stealth cars) have signs that are only visible at certain angles, such as from the back or sides, making these cars appear unmarked when viewed from front.
Active visual warnings
Active visual warnings are usually in the form of flashing colored lights (also known as 'beacons' or 'lightbars'). Flash is to attract the attention of other road users as police cars approach, or to provide a warning to motorists who approached a vehicle that stopped in a dangerous position on the road. Common colors for police warning flares are blue and red, but these often vary by force. Some types of flash lights are used, such as spinning beacons, halogen lamps, or lamps. Some police forces also use arrows to direct traffic, or display message boards to give short messages or instructions to motorists. Some vehicle headlights can be made for flash, or small strobe lights can be mounted on headlights, tail lights and vehicle indicator lights.
Warning sounds
In addition to the visual warning, most police cars are also equipped with audible warnings, sometimes known as sirens, which can alert people and vehicles to the presence of emergency vehicles before they can be seen. The first warning sounded was a mechanical bell, mounted in front of or on the roof of the car. The next development is a rotating air siren, which makes noise when air travels through it. Most modern vehicles are now equipped with electronic sirens, which can produce different sounds. Police driving training often includes the use of different sounds depending on the traffic conditions and the maneuvers performed. In North America, for example, on a clear path, approaching an intersection, a "lamenting" arrangement may be used, which provides long and upward variations, with an uninterrupted tone, whereas, in very slow traffic, the "yelp" setting may preferably, which is a quicker version of "laments". Some vehicles may also be equipped with sound warnings that are heard from the water. Also in some European countries, where a hi-lo hi-lo siren is the only siren allowed for emergency vehicles, the "stadt" siren will be used in cities where it has a loud echo that can be heard from a block away to warn then cross. emergency vehicles will arrive, or "landline" sirens will be used on the highway to project the noise forward to generate more penetration into the vehicle ahead to alert the driver.
Development is the use of RDS, a car radio system, in which vehicles can be fitted with a short range FM transmitter, is set to RDS 31 code, which interferes with all car radios within range, by way of broadcast traffic, but such that the radio user of the recipient can not choose out of a message (such as with a traffic broadcast). This feature is built on all RDS radios for use in national emergency broadcasting systems, but short-range units on emergency vehicles can prove an effective way to alert traffic to their presence, although it can not warn pedestrians, non-RDS radio users, or drivers with their radio turned off.
A new technology has been developed and is slowly becoming more popular with police. Called Rumbler, it is a siren that emits low-frequency sounds that can be felt. Motorists who may have loud music playing in their cars, for example, may not hear sirens heard from police cars behind them, but will feel the thrill of Rumbler. His feeling is to stand next to a large speaker with a pumped bass.
Police-specific equipment
Additional equipment of police officers may include:
- Two way radio
- Console tools
- This is used for storing two-way radios, light switches, and siren switches. Some may be equipped with locking compartments for firearm storage or secure file compartments.
- Get rid of the transport cage
- This is a steel and plastic barrier that ensures that suspects - who have been searched, stripped, handcuffed and belching chairs, can not attack the driver or passengers and can not tamper with the equipment in the front seat. These may be simple rods or grilles, although they can include impact resistant glass that is very resistant but not bulletproof. Many use an expanded steel instead of plastic glass for the top half of the partition.
- Fire weapon locker
- In certain countries, including the United States, some police vehicles are equipped with lockers or lock racks to store firearms. These are usually tactical weapons such as rifles or rifles, which are usually not taken to the officers.
- Mobile data terminal
- Many police cars are equipped with mobile data terminals (or MDTs), connected via wireless methods to police center computers, and allow officers to call information such as vehicle license details, perpetrator records, and incident records.
- Vehicle tracking system
- Some police vehicles, especially traffic units, can be equipped with equipment that will alert officers to attendance near stolen vehicles equipped with special transponders, and guide them towards it, using GPS or simple radio triangulation.
- Evidence of CCTV collection
- Police vehicles can be equipped with video cameras used to record activity both inside and outside the car. They may also be equipped with voice recording facilities. It can then be used in court to prove or disprove witness statements, or act as evidence itself (such as evidence of a traffic violation).
- Automatic license plate identifier (ANPR)
- The computerized system uses a camera to observe the license plate of all vehicles passing by or by a police car, and notifies the driver or user of any cars on the 'surveillance list' as stolen, used in crime, or has not paid duty vehicle.
- Device speed recognition
- Some police cars are equipped with devices to measure the speed of the vehicles that are followed, such as ProViDa, usually through a system following a vehicle between two separate points of distance. It is separate for a handheld radar gun device, and is not attached to the vehicle.
- Remote back door locking
- This enables the front officer to control the rear lock remotely - usually used in conjunction with the transport enclosure.
- PIT bumper
- Bumper Pateruit Intervention Technique (PIT) is attached to the front frame of the patrol car. It was designed to end the pursuit of a vehicle by turning the escaped vehicle by poking into the rear quarter panels. Cars that are not equipped with PIT Bumper can still try PIT Maneuver which risks increasing front-end damage and possible defects if maneuvers fail and pursuit continues.
- Push the bumper (aka nudge bars)
- Mounted on a car chassis and placed to add front bumper, to allow the car to be used as a bat for simple structures or fences, or to push defective vehicles out of the way.
- Runlock
- This allows the vehicle engine to be left unlocked in the ignition key. This allows sufficient power, without draining the battery, to be supplied to vehicle equipment at the scene. Vehicles can only be moved after re-entering a key. If the key is not re-inserted, the machine will die if the handbrake is released or the foot brake is activated.
Installation of this equipment in the car partly turns it into a desk. Police officers use their cars to fill in different forms, print documents, type on a computer or console, consult and read different screens, etc. Ergonomics in the layout and installation of these items in police cars play an important role in the comfort and safety of police officers in the workplace and prevent injuries such as back pain and musculoskeletal disorders.
Ballistic protection
Some police cars can be optionally upgraded with bullet-proof armor on car doors. This armor is usually made of ceramic ballistic plates and aramid baffles. A 2016 news report says that Ford sells 5 to 10 percent of their US police vehicles with ballistic protection at the door. In 2017 Bill de Blasio, the mayor of New York City, announces that all NYPD patrol cars will be installed with bullet-proof door panels and bullet-proof window inserts.
Use by country
Police car in popular culture
Police pursuits have been dramatized in television and film programs, and are sometimes featured in television news coverage about unusual circumstances, which show footage from cameras in the air.
In fictional stories, police cars are usually depicted as teams of at least two police officers so they can communicate and interact with each other while on patrol. In fact, most districts (mainly villagers and low-income residents) have only one police officer per vehicle, although at night this may increase to two.
See also
General
Other types of emergency vehicles
References
External links
- showroom police cars of various manufacturers:
- Ford
- General Motors
- An article about the new police edition of Dodge Charger - The New York Times
- NYPD siren sound - The New York Times
- Examples recovered from many types of British police vehicles
- Photo Police Car Collection
- visual.merriam-webster.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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