The Jeep Grand Cherokee is a range of medium size SUVs manufactured by the American manufacturer, Jeep. While some other SUVs are produced with body-on-frame construction, the Jeep Grand Cherokee always uses a unibody chassis.
Video Jeep Grand Cherokee
Development
The origins of the Grand Cherokee date back to 1983 when American Motors Corporation (AMC) was designing the smaller Jeep Cherokee successor (XJ). The three non-AMC designers - Larry Shinoda, Alain Clenet, and Giorgetto Giugiaro - are also under contract with AMC to create and build a replacement clay model for Cherokee XJ, later known as the "XJC" project. However, the basic design for the Cherokee replacement goes well by the AMC home designer and the 1989 Jeep Concept 1 exhibition car. predicts the basic design.
When AMC started the next Jeep development in 1985, management created a business process now known as product lifecycle management (PLM). According to FranÃÆ'§ois Castaing, Vice President for Product Engineering and Development, the smallest US carmaker looks for ways to accelerate its product development process to better compete with larger competitors. XJC's development is aided by computer-aided software systems (CAD) that make engineers more productive while new communications systems allow potential conflict to be resolved more quickly, thereby reducing costly engineering changes as all images and documents are in the central database. The system was so effective that after Chrysler bought AMC in 1987, it expanded its entire enterprise system, thus connecting everyone involved in designing and building products.
The Grand Cherokee thus became the first Chrysler-badged Jeep product. The development work for the new Jeep model continues and Chrysler employees (after purchase of AMC in 1987) are excited for the release date of the late 1980s; however, CEO Lee Iacocca pushed Chrysler's redesigned minivans, delaying the launch of the Grand Cherokee until the end of 1992 as a competitor to Explorer. Unlike the Explorer, the Grand Cherokee uses a monocoque (unibody) construction, while Explorer is a derivative of a Ranger pickup with a separate body-on-frame.
Grand Cherokee debuted in great fashion at the 1992 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan. Driving vehicles are Poppy Red Clear Coat 1993 Grand Cherokee ZJ Laredo with quartz fabric interior and high bucket seats. Then President Chrysler, Robert Lutz, drove the Detroit mayor, Coleman Young, from North Jefferson Plant Assembly on North Jefferson Avenue through police escort to Cobo Hall, up the Cobo Hall and through a glass plate window to show off a new vehicle. Sales of the 1993 Grand Cherokee model began in April 1992.
The production of the Grand Cherokee started shortly afterwards at the Jefferson North Assembly built in Detroit, Michigan. Grand Cherokees Europe is produced in Austria by Magna Steyr. Grand Cherokee "plays an important role in reviving Chrysler's fortune by moving it to the nascent market for high-margin engined sports vehicles."
Once introduced, it was the first American-made car to use HFC-134a refrigerant instead of HCFC-12 for HVAC systems.
Maps Jeep Grand Cherokee
First generation (ZJ; 1993-1998)
The original Grand Cherokee was launched in 1992 as a 1993 model vehicle in the luxury SUV segment. The "ZJ" model, produced from 1992 to 1998, originally came in three trim levels: base (also known as SE), Laredo, and Limited, the next trim was added, including Orvis (MY 95-98), TSI (MY97- 98). The basic model includes features such as full instrumentation, fabric interiors, and standard five-speed manual transmission, while getting the name "SE" moniker for the 1994 model. Window and power lock are not standard equipment on the basic trim. Minimal price differences lead to low consumer demand, and as a result, the low-line model is finally stopped. Additional standard features include driver side airbags and four-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS). The Laredo is a mid-scale model with standard features including power windows, electric door locks, cruise control, and leather-wrapped steering. Exterior features include medium gray plastic panels on the lower body and five-spoke alloy wheels. The Limited is a premium model, featuring body panel underneath body color, and gold exterior accents. The Limited also boasts standard features such as leather seats, heated mirrors, front seats, keyless entrance system, wood grain interiors, lace wheel velgs, driver's information center with compass, digital climate control, and electrochromic mirror, and stereo Jensen brand with multi-band equalizer. In 1996, the list of options increased to include heated seats. The standard is 4.0, with 5.2 V8 (and 5.9 in 1998) optional. Just like any other model. Group packages with different trim levels include: fog lamps, slip plates, and comfort packages, lighting, luxury, power, security, and towing trailers.
When first introduced in April 1992 as an early model vehicle in 1993, the Grand Cherokee only had one powertrain option: a 4 L AMC engine that directly derived six engines that made 190 horsepower. It became a "volume" engine for the Grand Cherokee. The transmission options include a four-speed automatic transmission (the initial production ZJ using AW4 - A500SE (later 42RE) replaces AW4 during the second half of 1993 model) or Aisin AX15 manual transmission. The low demand for manual transmission resulted in its cessation after 1994, but the ZJ from Europe retained it when combined to a diesel engine (which is not available in North America). Drive drive options include rear wheel drive or four wheel drive. In 1995, the engine went down 5 horsepower to 185 due to the new EPA regulations imposed on the 1996 model.
In 1997, the top-tiered Grand Cherokee Limited variant, "5.9 Limited" was introduced. The Jeep ad claims it as "the fastest sport sport utility vehicle in the world", verified by third-party testing. Major improvements in the 5.9 Limited version include a 245-horsepower 5.9L OHV V8 engine, heavy duty 46RE automatic transmission, hot-functional curler grille, unique wide-slot wide body grille with mesh inserts, special rocker molds , low-performance exhaust with three-inch chrome tip, low-profile roof rack, and special Ultra-Star 16 "wheel. 5.9 Limited also receives a 150-amp alternator and 2-speed electric cooling fan Other features include a 180-watt standard, a 10-speaker Infinity Gold sound system with a rear-mounted sound bar, a standard sunroof, and an interior wrapped with unique soft leather and artificial trims The 5.9 Limited was awarded "4x4 This Year" for 1998 by magazine Petersen 4-Wheel & Off-Road .The production of this model is 14,286 units.
The export model produced at the plant in Graz, Austria, was designated "ZG".
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Generasi kedua (WJ; 1999-2004)
The redesigned 1999 Grand Cherokee WJ shares only 127 parts with its predecessor (mostly fasteners). The European model is coded WG. The spare tire is removed from the cargo compartment side down the floor. (Like the ZJ 1998, the tailgate rear glass was opened separately.) Two heavy pushrod V8 engines were replaced by the then new Chrysler PowerTech. The new V8 engine produces less torque than the old pushrod, but it is lighter, offers better fuel savings, and delivers similar road performance figures (a 23 gallon fuel tank replaced with one capacity of 20.5 gallons). The straight-six engine was also updated in 1999. The redesign of the intake manifold adds 10 horsepower (7.5 kW). While other Jeep vehicles use the Mopar 5 x 4.5 bolt circle, this is the first Jeep after the purchase of Chrysler 1987 to receive a wider bolt pattern: Ã, - 5 x 5.
An important feature available in this generation is the automated four-drive option called Quadra-Drive , which uses the NV247 transfer case of New Venture Gear. This two-speed transfer case uses a motor, coupling package coupled to a hydraulic pump, to transfer the torque between the front and rear axle. The transfer case contains three modes, 4-All Time, Neutral, and 4-Lo. In 4-All Time, 100% torque is sent to the rear axle under normal conditions. If the rear axle starts spinning at a higher velocity than the front axle, hydraulic pressure will accumulate in the motor and cause the clutch pack to transfer the torque to the front of the axle progressively until the two axles return to the same velocity. Neutral mode is intended to attract vehicles. In 4-Lo, the front and rear axles are locked together through the reduction gear ratio of 2.72. The NV247 transfer case is mated to a front and rear axle containing the Vari-Lok variant of the Jeep. Vari-Lok Differences also use the motor to transfer the torque between the wheels on both sides of the axis. The main advantage of Quadra-Drive is that the combined transfer case and progressive lock differential in each axis can automatically control the traction between the four wheels. However, only the central differential can be permanently locked, and only in 4Lo. The Quadra-Trac II system includes NV247 transfer cases with open front and rear differential standards.
Automatic transmission 45RFE and 545RFE in WJ is well known. This includes three sets of planetary gears rather than two normally used in four automatic speeds. This gave him six theoretical speeds, and it would be the first six-speed transmission ever produced in volume, but programmed to use only these five ratios. Four used for upshifts, with different second gear for downshifts. Although five of the six ratios are used, Chrysler decided to call it "automatic 4-speed". In 2001, the program was changed to use all six ratios. Instead of having six forward gears, the transmission is programmed to act as a five speed with a second gear alternative to downshifts. Rpm at 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) at 545RFE is 2000 rpm, 200 rpm less than 45RFE programming. In 1999 and 2000 year models, WJ owners can have a 45RFE transmission program raised to enable additional gear as both transmissions are physically the same. (Must buy new PCM and ABS modules and program them with fake VIN to make this work.) The 42RE 4-speed automatic fixed transmission for 6 Inline engine. It has a slight change from the previous model Grand Cherokee.
The interior was also completely redesigned in 1999. The redesign allows for larger rear doors, and more space for rear passengers. Controls for various items such as headlamps, heated seats, and rear glass eraser are moved to a more convenient location. Electronic Vehicle Information Center is moved from the bottom of the radio to the top of the windshield, and is standard on all 2000 and newer models. Unlimited models include automatic double-zone climate control. 10 CD-Changer is also available with Infinity Audio package.
In addition to Jeep's UniFrame construction, Daimler Chrysler partnered with Porsche to further strengthen the framework. This is done to reduce Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH). UniFrame is an unusual construction scheme, it combines all the strength and durability of body-on-frame construction into a unitized construction. By adding stiffness and stiffness to the structure, they enhance travel and strengthen the network of steel beams, rails and pillars (or "safety cages") that surround and protect occupants. More than 70 percent of the lower body is high strength steel. All Jeep Grand Cherokees showcase UniFrame construction.
Grand Cherokee received minor facelift for 2004 including round fog lights, lower front fascia and a new grille inset design adapted to body color.
The export model produced at the plant in Graz, Austria, was designated "WG".
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Third generation (WK; 2005-2010)
The WK Grand Cherokee debuted in 2004 for the 2005 model year at the 2004 New York International Auto Show with Quadra-Drive II four-wheel drive, an optional 5.7Ã © back seat DVD player and L Hemi V8. The 3.7 L V6 engine replaces the L-6 L Straight-6. A Mercedes-Benz sourced 3.0 V6 Common Rail Diesel (CRD) is available outside of North America from the launch.
Jeep replaces the XJ-era live axis with front-front weapon suspension (found in ZJ and WJ) with an independent double-wishbone arrangement as it debuted at Liberty 2002. Classified as a truck-based SUV, the WH/WK Grand Cherokee offers a "crossover" , ability, and NVH.
Jeep Grand Cherokee 2007 made its European debut at Euro Camp Jeep in ArdÃÆ'¨che, France. This Jeep has earned 5 stars in Euro Ncap crash safety tests conducted in 2005.
Grand Cherokee received minor facelift for 2008 with revised headlamps and High Intensity Discharge (HID) Headlamps with auto leveling. The bottom of the front bumper can still be removed because of the launch to improve the angle of approach for off-road use. 4.7 L has been refined, now producing 305 hp (227 kW, 309 PS), and 334 lb ft (453 N m).
The Jeep Grand Cherokee 2009 is available with an improved Hemi engine of 5.7 L rated at 357 hp (266? KW; 362 PS) and 389 lbb? Ft (527Ã, N? M) torque. The engine uses variable valve timings to improve fuel economy.
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The fourth generation (WK2; 2011-present)
The fourth generation Grand Cherokee WK2 went on sale in summer 2010 as a 2011 model. It was unveiled at the 2009 New York Auto Show. In 2009, during its development, Chrysler's management used it as an example of future products to convince American federal regulators about Chrysler's future viability for the purpose of requesting federal loans. This culminated in the reorganization of Chrysler Chapter 11 of the same year.
The fourth-generation Grand Cherokee retains its classic Jeep style combined with modern and sleek body style. The interior has original leather and wood accents, plus Bluetooth and uConnect electronics options. With an additional award for the Grand Cherokee 2011, Jeep Grand Cherokee has won 30 awards for off-road capabilities, luxury, value, best in class, and safety, making it the most SUV ever. Among the awards are: Top Safety Pick for 2011 from IIHS, listed as Best Buy's Consumer Digest of 2011, the safest SUV in America by MSN Autos, and Truck of the Year for 2011 by The Detroit News .
Like the previous generation, WK2 Grand Cherokee chassis is a steel unibody. Unlike the previous generation, it has a four-wheel independent suspension for better road handling. The WK2 and 2011 Durango use Chrysler designed and engineered platform/chassis that Mercedes-Benz later used for the Mercedes-Benz W166 series. The Chrysler-designed platform is part of the DaimerChrysler engineering project that will launch WK2 Grand Cherokee with Mercedes-Benz ML to follow. However, due to the subsequent sale and bankruptcy of Chrysler, the launch of the Grand Cherokee was delayed and ML was launched before the Grand Cherokee.
Four-wheel drive system includes Quadra-Trac I, Quadra-Trac II, and Quadra-Drive II. Using Selec-Terrain, drivers can choose the mode for Auto, Sport, Snow, Sand/Mud, and Rock.
The optional Quadra-Lift adjustable high air suspension can increase vehicle ground clearance by 11.1 inches (282 mm). Lifting modes include Park, Aero, Normal Ride Height, Off-Road 1, and Off-Road 2.
Engine options include all new 3.6 L Pentastar V6 and 5.7Ã, L Hemi V8. The Hemi V8 maintains a Multiple Displacement System (MDS) that turns off four cylinders in low power driving situations. The V8 is equipped with a multi-speed automatic transmission that includes Electronic Range Selection (ERS) to manually limit the range of high gear operations. The towing trailer is rated 7,400  £ (3,400 kg) for the Hemi model and  £ 6,800 (3,100 kg) for the Pentastar model. A V6 diesel turbocharged 3.0 developed and built by Fiat Powertrain Technologies and VM Motori (with Multijet II injection) that has 177 kW (241 PS, 237 hp) and 550 N m (410 Âμbb) of torque offered in exports. market from mid-2011. The new 3.0L CRD turbodiesel engine is available in the European market with a low power version of 140 kW (190 PS).
The new Grand Cherokee SRT8, which began production on July 16, 2011, is equipped with a 470 hp (350 kW, 480 PS) 6.4Ã,® L Hemi V8 engine. Jeep claims the new SRT8 gets 13% more fuel efficient than its predecessor. To maintain reasonable mileage, Jeep has used a new active exhaust system that enables the Chrysler Cylinder Deactivation Technologies to operate on a wider band rpm. Chrysler claims that with larger gas tanks, the SUV can now travel up to 500 miles (800 km) on a single tank, while other sources estimate the range to be 450 miles (720 km).
Jeep Grand Cherokee was released in India on August 30, 2016. Along with Wrangler, Grand Cherokee is the first model sold directly by Jeep in the country. Jeep has been built under license by Mahindra in India since the 1960s.
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Sales
Security
NHTSA
Call back
In 2010, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) launched an investigation into the 1993-2004 Jeep Grand Cherokees model involving fuel tanks from this SUV. Because the gas tank is installed between the bumper and the rear axle, the rear collision can cause the fuel tank to leak, causing a fire. NHTSA claims that it has a 157 death report due to a fire caused by a crashing Grand Cherokees. Also affected were the Jeep Liberty 2002-2007 model and the Jeep Cherokee 1986-2001 model, which totals approximately 5.1 million affected vehicles.
In June 2013, Chrysler Corporation responded to a recall, agreeing to recall 2.7 million Jeeps, despite getting rid of Jeep Cherokee XJ in 1986-2001 and 1999-2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee WJ from recall. The recall will include 2.7 million 1993-1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee ZJ and 2002-2007 Jeep Liberty KJ vehicles.
Two weeks before this recall, Chrysler Corporation claimed that the affected Jeep vehicles were safe, although it agreed to withdraw the affected vehicles later.
To solve this problem, Jeep dealers will install trailer hoses to the rear bumper of a Jeep vehicle that will protect the fuel tank if the vehicle is involved in a collision at the rear. If the affected vehicle is not currently equipped with a trailer hitch, one will be mounted on it, and the older Jeep as well as the non-factory trailer carriage will be replaced with the carriage of the Chrysler Corporation. Although remember, the market for this Jeep vehicle has not suffered.
In May 2013 there was a recall of WK with Quadra-Drive II and Quadra-Trac II systems. This follows the case of a rolling car because the transfer case moves to neutral by itself, and the owner does not apply the parking brake. The revocation is revised by the Drive End Control Module (FDCM). However, after recall there are widespread reports on fan websites both from the neutral and low ratio modes of the transfer cases ceased to function, and the survey showed that fewer than 10% of respondents had no problems with withdrawals. Trying to solve this problem, some dealers then replace the transfer case actuator, FDCM, and even the transfer case itself, often at customer cost and usually unsuccessfully.
The cause of roll-aways is the incorrect soldering in the transfer case actuator. It has been concluded that the revised software detects this by noting irregularities in the resistance, and afterwards locking the transfer suitcase in a high ratio for safety; but that too reacts to the small resistance variations of other causes. Initially Chrysler dealers claimed that the loss of a neutral and low ratio following a recall was co-incident; later claiming that the revised software reveals errors that already exist in the system, even though it happens even with new parts. Chrysler also claims that only a small number of cars have problems after recall; but most users never have a chance to use low ratios and may never find fault. Four years after this given the problems still unresolved.
In April 2016, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ordered the recall of 2014 and 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokees and other cars using electronic dental switching because it sometimes does not fit into (or does not remain) the park's position, despite the operator's best intentions. Consumers reported that they put the car in the park and let the engine turn on, and then were surprised when the car rolled under power.
An investigation by the US FCA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration found several drivers had exited their vehicles without first selecting "PARK." Such behavior may pose a security risk if the vehicle engine is still running. The Company is aware of 41 potentially related injuries. The vehicles involved in this event were checked and no evidence of equipment failure was found. The vehicle also sends a warning bell and a warning message if the driver's side door is opened while their engine is still running and "PARK" is not activated. However, investigations suggest these measures may not be enough to prevent some drivers from leaving their vehicles without choosing "PARK," so the US FCA will step up warnings and shift-transmission strategies on these vehicles. This upgrade will combine warnings with a shift-transmission strategy to automatically prevent the vehicle from moving, under certain circumstances, even if the driver fails to select "PARK."
Jeep is now replacing the shifter with a conventional lever that remains in position for the final model 2016.
In July 2017, the Jeep Grand Cherokee 2012-14 SUV was withdrawn due to possible alternator failure. If the alternator fails, the vehicle can stop and/or if the alternator has a short circuit, a fire may occur.
In October 2017, the 2011-14 Grand Cherokees model was recalled due to improper brake shield installation in some vehicles.
See also
- Jeep Cherokee (SJ), a 1974-83 predecessor of the same name.
References
- Inline
- General
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Berg, Phil. "Jeep Grand Cherokee Preview". Car and Driver (August 1998): 69-70.
External links
- Jeep Grand Cherokee Site
- Only in Jeep. Promo Jeep Domain Public Video.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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