An pickup truck (or flatbed truck in English English) is a type of truck that can be articulated or rigid. As the name suggests, its bodywork is simply a flat 'bed' level with no sides or roofs. This allows the loading of goods quickly and easily, and consequently they are used to transport heavy loads that are not vulnerable or susceptible to rain, as well as to abnormal loads that require more space than are available on closed bodies.
Video Flatbed truck
Road truck
A flatbed has a solid bed, usually from a wooden board. There is no roof and no fixed sides. To maintain the load, there are often low sides that may be hung to load, as 'drop-side' trucks. 'Truck pegs' have no sides but have erect, removable steel posts, used again to maintain loads.
The load is maintained by manually tied to the rope. The bed of a pickup truck has a fastening hook around the edges and a technique like a driver's hitch is used to tighten it. Weather protection is optionally provided by manually 'exposing' the load with a tarpaulin, which is carried by a rope. This manual loading technique is slow and requires some care and skill. There is also the risk that unsafe loads can be shed on the way, often leading to an accident or road blockage. There is also little theft protection for such loads. This slow loading load leads to the development of more efficient truck designs with closed bodies.
Some improvements were made by replacing a common rope with a flat webbing strap, tightened with ratchet. This reduces the skill of 'jumping' and improves tension control, which causes less warehouse load.
Decrease in flatbeds
Flatbeds became scarce in the 1980s as most road transport changed either to containers or pallet loads done on larger and more efficient trucks, optimized for faster loading by lorries. The container is carried on a semi special trailer with a twistlock in the corners to retain the container. The load of pallets is carried either in the body of the box, loaded through the back door, or the body of curtain siding that is loaded through the sides. Both protect the load from the weather and can be loaded quickly with standard loads, but more tightly for a single large load, loaded by a crane. The freight and logistics business also changes around the same time as larger proportions become more orderly, like the standard daily load of boxes equally large from the distribution center to the supermarket, than the unpredictable ad hoc . i> nature or previous road transport.
Flatbeds are still in use, but are now used for more specialized cargo, such as construction steel or lighter lighter loads, such as engines.
Low loaders, for construction machinery and heavy vehicles, are not considered flatbeds. Also there is no abnormal load carrier for heavy transport.
Configuration/design in US trailer
Most places in North America, the length is usually 48 feet or 53 feet, and the width is 96 or 102 inches (including rubbing rails and pegs on the sides, usually placed every 2 feet). Some older trailers are still in service only 45 feet or shorter if used in double or triple sets (often used for transporting straw). Various length and combination arrangements can only be legally moved on toll roads/toll roads that are too long for most roads. Body and frame can be one of 3 common designs: the heaviest and sturdiest are all steel (usually with wooden boards), Combos are popular with steel frames and aluminum beds, these types often have wooden sections to nail the dunnage board), and aluminum (the lightest allows more cargo to be brought by law without overweight permits). Very light and very expensive to buy, all aluminum trailers are very slippery when wet, more flexible and easily damaged. They also have an upward arch so that when loaded they straighten it to make it flatter, rather than sag in the middle under load.
Another type of flatbed trailer is a stepdeck (or deck drop) with a deck about 2 feet lower and a lower profile wheel to accommodate higher loads, without hitting bridges or low tunnels. This stepdeck can be fitted with a ramp load to allow the vehicle to roll from the back of the ground. Short trailers used for local work such as landscaping and delivery of building materials in urban or local areas can have "hitchhiker" forklift trucks mounted on the back so that drivers can send and unload pallet/skid items. A bulkhead or "headache rack" is sometimes affixed to the front of either a straight or stepdeck trailer to load the firming on the front of the deck. In the case of long or steel or loose wooden pipes in hard braking incidents, they save operators and cabins/sleep in one of two behaviors in theory. If attached to the trailer, they bend while trying to block the forward movement of the loose cargo, causing a long load to go over the taxi and the driver.
If they are mounted on a frame behind a cab or tractor bed, they theoretically protect the rear of the cabin from impact and if they can not stop the load coming through the cab, they cause the cabin to be thrown from the frame, rather than stabbing the taxi and seriously killing or injuring the driver. 48 and the length of 53 feet usually has two shafts scattered to more than 10 feet apart at the rear of "California spread" to allow for more weight distribution on the back deck (Â £ 40,000 instead of 34,000 for a tandem axle design). Called Cali deployment was originally designed to comply with the heavy formula of the bridge in the country but has since been adopted in most other parts of the country. The scattered axle has a much wider turn radius, and if turning the tractor/trailer is too sharp, the front wheel of the trailer can damage the road surface/parking lot, or blow the tire apart from the rim, or both. Some trailers have the ability to lift or lower the front axle independently to reduce this risk, but drivers may not be able to use this feature if the trailer is loaded, but if the deck is empty, the driver can lower the front axle to bring the rear axle off the ground to significantly reduce the turning radius of the rig to facilitate maneuvering in narrow spaces, or to reduce tire wear during empty distance travel/deadhead.
Under the deck of the trailer can be mounted rack for spare tire, dunnage board, or tire chain... as well as various tools/storage boxes. On one side (or often both sides to pull alternately on strain tension) usually slid (but occasionally fixed) cranes to ratchet down a 4 inch rope to load the safety. On most 48 foot trailers, you should not place this rope on the tire when the air pressure is released from the suspension system when parked, the deck lowers downwards and will likely erupt the trailer tire. Some trailers have air scales that when the driver learns how to correctly interpret through experience, combined with his knowledge of how much his/her weight rig when empty and can interpret how much cargo can be safely and legally loaded into the trailer. With different cargo loads, the driver can have an idea of ​​how much gross total weight (and if he is legal to avoid tickets) (80,000 unlicensed in most states, but slightly lower in other countries). Some decks have a pop up system that has a higher WLL (workload limit) than a chain to the peg/spool peg, or frame.
Other trailer decks can have a very wide range of sliding removal accessories where and how to place chain hooks for security. In addition to the raising/decreasing axle as needed, some scattered axle trailers may shift one or both axles forward, or back to make tandem arrangements in certain situations where necessary, to comply with the weight distribution requirements. Although a certain amount of allowable cargo and front cargo is allowed (as well as overhangs to one or both sides of the trailer) with flashing flags/banners/lights to alert the driver behind and to your side of impending dangers if they follow too close behind You and you should suddenly stop... in extreme cases allowing loads require escorted front led rear or both to oversize/over dimensional cargo/equipment.
Crane truck
Some truck crane recovery vehicles have flat beds and are able to extinguish fully restored vehicles on board. They can then drive the vehicle for repair without the need to tow. This allows faster travel, does not require drivers in the vehicle being towed, and allows damaged vehicles to be recovered when it can not be pulled. Since these flat beds usually sloped gradually backwards, unlike the level beds from the cargo flats, they are known as 'beavertails'. Some crane truck beds can be recycled and can be lowered behind a truck for easy loading, then both beds and cargo are gripped back as one.
Maps Flatbed truck
Flatway railway
Trains also use pickup trucks on engineering trains and freight trains. In the UK and Commonwealth, the term bogie flat is often applied to flatbed bogie trucks. Although less common, flat train trucks on rigid frames and axles are sometimes used, with 4-wheel and 6-wheel versions still present. In English English, the term 'truck' is generally associated with railroad vehicles, with the word 'truck' more often applied to road vehicles.
See also
- Box truck
- Flatcar
- Record Truck
- Lowboy (trailer)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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