C/K is a lineup of full-size Chevrolet and GMC pickup trucks from 1960 to 2000 in the United States and Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile. The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, although in-house design did not appear until 1930. "C" denotes two-wheel drive and "K" indicates four-wheel drive. The old C/K lightweight pickup truck was replaced by Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; heavy pickup truck Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD followed. To date, Silverado and Sierra names are used to identify the trim levels of C/K trucks.
For the first Chevrolet C Series, made from 1911 to 1913, see the Chevrolet Series C Classic Six (first Chevy).
Video Chevrolet C/K
Generasi pertama 1960-1966
The 1960s model introduces a new light body truck pick-up style that features many firsts. The most important of these is the middle fall ladder frame, allowing the cabin to sit lower, and independent front suspension, giving a ride almost like a car in a truck. Also new to the 1960s is a new appointment system for trucks made by GM. Lost is 3100, 3200, and 3600 titles for short 1/2, 1/2 and 3/4-ton long models. Instead, the new scheme sets models 10, 20, or 30 for 1/2, 3/4, and 1-ton. Since 1957, trucks are available from the factory as a four wheel drive, and a new class scheme will make this known. A C (conventional) in front of the serial number designates the 2-wheel rear drive while K assigns a 4-wheel drive.
The actual badges on the Chevrolet truck carry the series name system of the previous generation in 1960 and 1961: 10, 20, 30, and 40 series (C and K) were awarded badges as "Apache", 50 and 60 series trucks worn as " Viking ", and the largest series models 70 and 80 marked" Spartan ". In 1960, C/K trucks were available in the delicate version of "Fleetside" or "Stepside" freaks. GMC calls this "Wide-Side" and "Fenderside." The half-ton model is a C10 and K10 truck, long beds and short beds, and C20 3/4-ton and K20, and a one-ton C30, are also available. GMC does not use the "C" nomenclature, although their 4x4 version uses the "K" nomenclature. GMC model numbers for 1/2, 3/4, 1, and 1.5 tons are 1000, 1500, 2500, and 3000 tons. 1.5 tons of Chevrolet C40 and GMC 3000, which use light duty cabins (but only as chassis-model cabs and pegs), was discontinued for the 1963 model.
The 1960, 1961, and 1962 models featured a torsion bar front suspension, with rear suspension suspension. Cut lines are the base and "Custom." Machines include GMC 305 base on 3 V6 for GMC version, 135 hp (101 kW) 236 at 3 (3.9 L) and 150 hp (112 kW) 261 at 3 (4.3 L) straight-6s, and 283 in 3 (4.6 L) V8 with 185Ã, hp (119Ã, kW).
The coil-spring front suspension came in 1963, along with a new base engine, 140 hp (104 kW) 230 in 3 (3.8 L) I6, and optional 165 hp (123 kW) 292 in 3 (4.8 L) I6. The cabin was modified for 1964, with the removal of the "cover" windscreen and a new front grille design, along with a variety of interior changes, while retaining the original design on the body. Air conditioning and 220 hp (164 kW) 327 in 3 (5.3 L) The V8 came in 1965. A new base engine finished model in 1966 with 155 hp (116 kW) 250 at 3 (4.1 L) I6.
Medium- & amp; heavy duty model
Medium duty trucks are:
- 1½-ton Chevrolet C40/GMC 3000 (1960-62), with light duty cabin;
- Chevrolet C50 and C60;
- GMC 3500, 4000, and 5000.
Heavy duty truck is:
- Chevrolet C60-H (C60 with heavier GVWR: 22,000 lbs instead of 19.500 lbs), C70 (1960-61) and C80;
- Chevrolet tandem rear axle model M60 (1963-66), M70 (1960-61) and M80 (1962-66);
- GMC 5500, 6000, and 6500;
- GMC tandem rear axle model W5000, W5500, and W6500.
Maps Chevrolet C/K
2nd generation 1967-1972
A more modern new look appears in 1967 , along with a new nickname: "Action Line". With the revision of this C/K truck, General Motors began adding convenience and comfort items to the vehicle tracks previously only for work purposes. Most of the 10 series and about 20 Chevrolet series trucks from 1967 to 1972 were fitted with spring spiral spring suspension, which greatly enhanced the trip over the traditional leaf springs. However, rear sprung leaf suspension is still available in the truck, and is standard on 30 series trucks. GMC branded trucks are standard with leaf springs on the back, with an optional coil/trailing arm spring design. All 2-wheel drive trucks come with independent front suspension, while 4x4 uses conventional axle with leaf springs. 1967 is the only year for the "small rear window" (RPO A10 offers a large rear window as a factory option). The standard drivetrain is a three-speed manual transmission and one of two engines; 250 in 3 straight six or 283 cuÃ, at (4.6Ã, L) V8. Optional transmission includes a three-speed overdrive unit (only C-10) and several four-speed manuals, Powerglide 2-speed automatic, or Turbo-Hydramatic 350 and 400 3-speed automatic.The 292 six and 327 in 3 V8 is an optional machine. The 10-series truck comes with a 6 x 5.5-inch bolt pattern, 3/4 and 1 ton trucks come with a 8 x 6.5-inch bolt pattern.
The most noticeable change in distinguishing 1968 from 1967 is the addition of side marker reflector on all fenders. In addition, a small rear window cabin is no longer available (medium duty trucks C40 and C60 maintain small windows). The GMC grid is revised, with the letter "GMC" no longer appearing on the horizontal bar. Another addition is the Custom Comfort and Convenience interior package that falls between the Standard Cab option and CST. In 1968, Chevrolet celebrated 50 years of truck making, and to commemorate, they released a 50th Anniversary package featuring an exclusive white-and-white paint scheme. Also in 1968, 307 and 396 CID V8 were added as well as the Longhorn model on a 3/4 ton truck. Featuring a 133-inch wheelbase, Longhorn added an additional 6 inches (15 cm) to the bed. Longhorns, which is interesting, is just a two-wheel-drive; no 4x4 Longhorn factory is built.
327 c.i. The V-8 engine (220-240 gross HP at '67 -8) was dropped at 1969 to support an improved 350 CID variant at 255 gross HP (200 net HP or 195 net HP with "AIR" Equipment smog. "Along with new engines comes a new grille design for Chevrolet trucks and a more upright hood for Chevrolet and GMC trucks.The utility variant, known as the K5 Blazer, was also introduced with a shorter 104 inch (2,642 mm) shorter wheelbase. The GMC, known as Jimmy, was introduced in the same year.Some internal cabin changes were also made, especially the transition from hand-operated handbrake to foot pedals, and a more modern two-spoke steering wheel with plastic horn buttons replacing the previous three spoke wheels with button chrome horns Also new this year is the top and bottom side prints, which add another two-tone paint option.This is standard on CST trucks, and optionally at other trim levels.The Sierra and Sierra Grande option package also added to GMC; this became a discrete trim level in 1972.
The only real change for 1970 is a small update on the Chevrolet grille. At first glance, the 1969 and 1970 grilles look very similar. However, plastic inserts of the 1970s actually had highlights that divided the performance into six separate parts. The 396, while still being sold as such, was enlarged to 402 cubic inches beginning in 1970.
Many changes occurred in 1971 . First came the new grille design ("crate egg") for Chevrolet trucks and black paint over the parts of the GMC grille. Second, additional supplementary packages are introduced: Cheyenne. In the GMC model, this is equivalent to Sierra. These packages consist mostly of convenience features - better interiors, more padding and insulation, carpets, chrome trim, and upper and lower side prints and tailgate trims. 1971 was the first year for the installation of AM/FM radio. Finally, the front brakes on all light duty trucks were shifted from the drum brakes to the disc brakes, which resulted in fewer brakes fading under heavy usage. While the previous half-tonne C/K truck uses a six-lug (6 x 5.5 ") bolt pattern for the wheels, the two-wheel drive model switches to a common five-lug (5 x 5 inch bolt) pattern for Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Cadillac passenger cars The 1/2 ton 4 x 4 retains the lug bolt pattern 6. This bolt pattern will remain the standard through the end of the C/K series (along with the Chevrolet/GMC van).The 20 and 30 series trucks have an 8 x pattern 6.5 ". Also, Chevrolet changed the 396 V8 emblem to 400 V8.
The 1972 model is very similar to the 1971 model, with the only change being a rearview mirror glued to the windscreen rather than bolted to the top of the cab, and a metal or vinyl plated door panel is no longer available; all plastic trim-level door panels with integral armrests and wood fiber inserts at the Cheyenne and Sierra trim levels. For restoration, it should also be noted that crank doors and windows are slightly longer due to molded plastic door panels, and ventilation windows are now secured with single screw inside the door, thus distinguishing it from the 1971 year model. The trim level is rearranged on GMC, with Custom now being the lowest level (Deluxe dropped) and Sierra and Sierra Grande being separate trim levels at the top of the lineup rather than option packages as before.
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Trim Level (Chevrolet)
A 10, 20, or 30 on the symbol shows 1 / 2 -, 3 / 4 -, or a 1-ton truck. There are also medium and heavy trucks 40 to 80-series:
- medium-task
- 1 1 / 2 -ton C40;
- "light" 2-ton C50;
- 2-ton C60;
- heavy work
- "light" 2 1 / 2 -ton C70;
- 2 1 / 2 -ton C80.
This model shares a light duty model cabin but sits on a higher chassis and has a higher front end of a different design, with a clamshell hood.
Trim Level (GMC)
1500, 2500, and 3500 designations are used to show 1 / 2 -, 3 / 4 - and 1-ton truck. Sierra and Sierra Grande have been used as names on selected packages since the 1969 model.
In both series, the 'Highlander package' includes special color-coordinated houndstooth color inserts and additional trim and insulation colors.
Third generation 1973-1987
The redesign of the new clean sheets of all Chevrolet General Motors' brands and the GMC C/K-Series brand was taken in mid 1972 for the 1973 model. The development of the new third-generation truck began in 1968 with vehicle components undergoing simulated testing on a computer before the first prototype pickup even built for real-world testing. The revolutionary redesign in appearance at the time, especially the cab, departed from the design of a typical American pickup truck of that era. In addition to the close twin, Chevrolet and GMC pickups look like nothing else on the road. The third generation truck is a colloquially known as "Square-body " or " Box-body " generation. The official "Rounded-Line" Moniker GM highlights the round styling cues that are incorporated into the design. These include rounded round glass corners, rounded corners of cabin roofs, rounded corners that cut high into the roof of the cabin that removes the height of the roof, the front fenders are tilted, and the rounded corner of the pickup box allows for rounded round petals, the first for GM pickups. The design also features a typical curved shoulder line that is rounded under the beltline. The curved shoulder line continues behind the tailgate on the Chevrolet Fleetside model and GMC Wideside. However, the low slope of the hood and the front end of the truck rectangle come from the nickname "square/box-body", which is propagated through truck magazines and word of mouth.
GM design engineers created the "Outline" exterior in an effort to help improve aerodynamics and fuel efficiency, using wind tunnel technology to help them sculpt the body. Other design features include a slim body work, aerodynamic cabin with steep windshield rake, and a unique hidden radio antenna embedded in the glass windshield.
There are two types of pickup boxes to choose from. The first type, called Fleetside by Chevrolet and Wideside by GMC, is a full width pickup box and displays a blazing shoulder line to complement the cab beside a round and new round box corner that is wrapped round round taillamps. Steel and wood floors are also available. The second type, called Stepside by Chevrolet and Fenderside by GMC, is a narrow wide pickup box featuring open steps and fenders with stand-alone tail lights. Initially, only wooden floors were available.
The wheelbase length is extended to 117.5 at (2985 mm) for short wheelbase pickups, and 131.5 in (3,340 mm) for long wheelbase pickups. A new dual rear wheel option called "Big Dooley" was introduced on a ton of pickups, along with a new Crew Cab option on the 164.5 wheelbase (4.178 mm). An optional Elimipitch camper is available for Big Dooley. Crew Cabs are available in the C30's pickup and chassis cabins, and cabin cabin models are K20 in two versions: "3 3" occupied by up to six passengers and a "bonus cabin" that removes the rear seats and adds rear locked storage in place. The fuel tank is moved from the cabin to the exterior of the chassis, and a double tank option is available that carries a fuel capacity of up to 40 US gallons. 1980 is the first year that cassette players can be purchased, along with CB radios.
The Generate Line finally ran for a long 15 year model (1973-1987) with the exception of the Crew Cab (C/K-30 four-door cab), Blazer, Jimmy, and Suburban versions, which continued to rise until Model Year 1991. GM ended generation this with 1987 as 1987 is the last year model for conventional cabs (two-door cab).
Interior and security
The third-generation Pickup is offered in some package-level equipment or trim packages. Chevrolet/GMC uses various names for trim levels throughout the vehicle lifecycle and some are rearranged in their class sequence. For the 1973 and 1974 models, the basic trim level is Custom / Custom , mid-range trims are Custom Deluxe / Super Custom , luxury trim is Cheyenne / Sierra , and the top-of-the-line luxury trim level is Cheyenne Super / Sierra Grande .
For the 1975 model, the trim level is revised and the basic trim is now Custom Deluxe / Sierra , mid-range trim is Scottsdale / Sierra Grande , luxury trim is Cheyenne / High Sierra , and top-of-the-line luxury trim levels now known as Silverado / Sierra Classic . They remained in this configuration until the 1987 model year. For the 1982 model year, luxury trim levels were dropped, leaving basic packages, midrange, and top-of-the-line luxury trim levels.
Soft touch materials are used throughout the passenger cabin, such as dashboards, doors (armrests), steering wheels, and shifting levers. Fine subtle interior panels and light metal work are used inside with high-quality materials that are also used on the outside, such as chrome, aluminum, and polished stainless steel, especially in the upscale luxury of Silverado or < i> Sierra Classic trim level. Vinyl Custom vinyl or soft Custom Cloth cloth and velor seating surfaces are used along with headliners, door inserts, and fancy carpets, depending on the trim level. High-end trim levels also use acoustic material for quieter ride comfort. From models from 1973 to 1977, chestnut wood slats were used on dashboards and doors for further visual enhancement. Wood grain inserts were replaced by aluminum inserts brushed for the 1978 to 1987 model. The Delco AM/FM audio sound system and the heated, cooled, cleaned, and humidified climate control systems are optional additions.
At its launch in 1972, the Square-Body C/K-Series introduced the first two experiences in the safety advancement of the full-size pickup, and then will lead the third security advance in 1975. The first is a standard side passenger side mirror, and the second is steering column that absorbs energy. Patented by GM and used in cars since 1967, the new energy absorbing column is standard on all C-Series and K-Series models.
The third advancement of safety was the introduction of the front and rear safety belts with an emergency locking retractor for the outboard dweller in 1975 for the 1976 model. This replaced the outdated and inadequate lap belts used earlier. A central lap belt with sagging adjustments is provided for central occupants. Ford and Dodge will follow a model year later adding lap-and-shoulder safety belts to their pickups.
Other safety features include soft padded interior panels for display and safety, 3,329 inches laminated and laminated safety glass, prism mirror, six indicator lights sein with asymmetric flash, four-way hazard function, and lane departure function.
Chassis and powertrain
Third generation, the C/K-Series Square-Body pickup gets a new high-carbon tensile carbon steel frame frame with a "drop center" design. Steering controls include variable-to-recycle ratio steering gear with the help of optional hydraulic power. Braking controls include front self-adjusting brake discs with rear-fingered drum brakes and optional four-wheel hydraulic hydraulics or Vacuum-Boost power assistance. The engine options initially consist of six or eight cylinder engines with manual transmission or Turbo Hydra-Matic.
The C-Series pickup includes two-wheel drive and features an independent front suspension system (IFS) with controlled down-contoured "A" arm and spring coil. The new GM Back suspension Load Control system takes up residence in the rear. The rear suspension system Load Control consists of a rear axle with a double-spaced multi-leaf spring and asymmetrical (offset) shock absorber geometry, to help sort out any "wheel hop "under heavy load or hard acceleration.
K-Series pickups include Conventional , Permanent , or Shift-on-the-move four-wheel drive. The latter system was introduced for 1981. Regardless of the type of four-wheel drive system that is equipped, all K-Series pickups feature four-angle multi-leaf springs, straight axle with symmetry ( inline) shock absorber geometry, and rear suspension system Load Control . The K-Series pickup also features an off-road oriented design, with transfer cases splitting directly into the transmission and running gear tucked as high as possible under the vehicle to reduce the chances of getting vital components in the obstacles, and to achieve low silhouette and optimal ground clearance. The steel bracketed open bracket is standard, with an optional under-skid plate skid plate for further protection.
The conventional four-wheel drive pickup features a manual locking hub and two-speed New Process 205 transfer case with four drive modes: Two Height , Four Height , Neutral , and Four Low . Two Height gives a torsion division of 0: 100, while Four High produces 50:50 locked split locks. Four low applied reducing gears. Front and rear axles are locked at all times in Four Height and Four Low. Neutral is allowed for flat pullers, or the use of power take off (PTO).
The permanent four-wheel drive pickup features two double-speed Transfer Process transfer cases twice with the planet's central differential and key. Five drive modes are provided: High , Low , Neutral , High Loc , and Low Loc . In the High the center differential unlocked and let the front and rear propeller shaft slip as needed for full-time operation. The system can manually shift to High Loc which locks the center differential for the locked 50:50 phase separation. Low and Low applied reduction reduction is applied with or without key, depending on the selected mode. Neutral is also available for PTO use.
The new Eaton Automatic Differential Lock (ADL) was introduced in 1973 as an optional addition to the Rounded-Line C/K-Series pickup, for differential rear hypoids. The new automatic locking differentials are offered under the G86 code, replacing the Eaton NoSpin differential, and eventually replacing the old Limited Edition limited-slip differential in 1974, at which point G80 code is assumed. Eaton ADL displays intelligent differential controls through an internal governor that monitors vehicle speed and wheel slip to know when to lock automatically and can lock 100 percent at or below 20 mph (32 km/h) increasing traction effort. The differential key will open and disable at speeds above 20 mph for safety reasons, such as vehicles on dry sidewalks.
The towing and load capacity ratings for the Rounded-Line C/K-Series pickups vary, depending on how they are configured. Factors such as engine and transmission combinations, differential gear ratios, curb weight, and whether the pickup is a two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive decides how many picks can be safely retracted or transported.
A well-equipped, half-ton C-Series pickup can pull up to 8,000 lbs (4 tonnes) of brake trailers, while a single-ton, one-tonne C-Series or one-ton pickup pickup can pull up £ 12,000 (6 tons) of braking trailers. Adding four-wheel drive reduces towing capability due to the increase in pavement weight, resulting from additional driveline components (transfer case, front axle, front differential, front propeller shaft, etc.) required to facilitate four wheel drive. A properly-loaded, half-toned or quarter-class K-Series pickup can pull up to 6,500 lbs (3.25 tons) from a packed trailer, while a well-equipped first-ton K-Series can tow 500 pounds more , up to 7,000 pounds (3.5 tons) from the brake trailer.
Heavy duty towing equipment is available for C and K-Series pickups, such as the Trailering Special package (including power steering, enhanced batteries, and upgraded generators), 7-pin electrical connectors, heavy-duty engine oil cooling, heavy duty transmission oil transmission, and heavy distributing trailer hitches.
For the 1975 model, 185Ã, hp 400Ã, Â ° c at (6.6Ã, L) small-block V-8 is added to the line and there is a rearrangement of Chevy trim levels, along with a new and clear/white grille instead of front orange turn sign. The base model derives a passenger side woodgrain dash accent and a new plaid pattern (which will change slightly every year until 1978).
The new gauges to show the voltage replaced the ammeter in 1976, and the engine size decals removed from the lattice during this year's model.
For the 1977 model, power windows and power door locks were introduced as optional additions. There are other rounds of the new grille, revised internal door panels that leave less exposed metal, four-wheel drive, a full tonne chassis added to the lineup, and Dana 60 is used for the front axle, as well as an electric oil pressure gauge replacing the mechanical unit. Trucks with optional trim levels, but without additional wheel upgrades, receive a flat stainless steel dop, still with painted accents. It is also the only year with the tinted paint yellow and not black.
All models get a new, flatter, black dashboard trim panel at the bottom of two trims and aluminum displays on two fanciers. The base model receives flat stainless stoppers, and Stepsides gets a new rear light with spare lights and side markers, while the rear fenders are smoothed out where the old side markers. The fuel door is added to the model equipped with a bed to hide the fuel cap previously exposed.
The 1979 model gets a new surround grille that combines turn signals; in which there is a wide houndstooth seat on the base model and a fifth (rare) interior color option in the higher series called "oysters" by Chevrolet and "Mystic" by GMC (mostly white with gray dashboards, carpets and fabrics ). Fuel doors were added in the 79 to the rest of the lineup, following changes of previous years on models with beds.
For the 1980 model, permanent four-wheel drive was discontinued on the K-Series, leaving only a conventional four-wheel drive. Some pickups got a new grille, others did not; The high-trim Chevys have a new surround that incorporates a near-flashing headlamp and turns the turn signal with a new grille pattern, squarer, while the GMC's fully carryover base model, the Chevys base has a new center section in 1979 surround while GMC with uplevel trim or RPO V22 options apart has a new square-light surround with a main grille introduced in 1977. The blue interior is a darker color than before.
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1981 facelift siklus hidup pertengahan
A mid-life cosmetic cosmetic facelift and mechanical refreshment was performed for the 1981 model. In response to the recent 1979 energy crisis, the 1981 reworking featured several fuel-saving techniques to help make Rounded-Line C/K-Series pickups more fuel efficient. Again, engineers switched to the wind tunnel to extract the front end with new metal sheets, reducing the areas that could impede airflow and cause drag. A look like a slimmer forward arc appears, similar to a shipbow with a front end gently swept back from the center. New dual tier halogen headlamps are available with the Deluxe Front Appearance package. Mechanical updates include more anti-corrosion techniques, weight reduction, and 5.0 L 305 cubic inches of new V-8 with electronic splash control. The 5.7 L 350 cubic inch pushrod V-8 is offered in California at the new 5.0 L 305 engine with electronic spark control, which does not meet California emissions requirements.
The new four-wheel drive system Shift-on-the-move with two-speed dual range New Process 208 aluminum transfer case was introduced in the K-Series pickup for the 1981 model. It replaced the permanent four-wheel drive system, on the pre-1980 model. The shift-on-the-move four-wheel drive system features a new auto-locking hub and synchronized remote aligned planetary alignment, allowing the truck to be shifted from two-wheel drive, to a fully locked four wheel drive at speeds up to 25 mph. After the transition from the two-wheel drive to the four-wheel drive is made, the vehicle can be pushed at forward or backward speeds. Four driving modes are offered: Two Tall , Four Tall , Neutral , and Four Low . Two Height gives a 0: 100 split torque, with Four Height generating 50:50 locked torque divided through direct synchronized gearing. Four low applied reduction gears with a ratio of 2.61: 1, compared with the previous 1.95 New Process of 1.96: 1. Front and rear axles locked at all times in Four Height and Four Low. Neutral is provided for the discharge of the two propeller shafts. Conventional four-wheel drive is still available with manual locking hub.
The new four-speed Hydra-Matic 700R4 Turbo transmission with overdrive drive became available in 1981 for the 1982 model. The 151Ã, hp 379Ã, cuÃ, in (6.2Ã,)) Detroit Diesel V-8 added to replace the LF9 Oldsmobile diesel. Chrome front bumper is now standard on the base model.
1985 saw 262 new cu at (4.3Ã, L) LB1 (with Rochester Quadrajet carburettor in lieu of fuel injection) was introduced to replace 250 inline six (292 continuously manufactured until officially removed in 1990). Hydraulic coupling introduced. Also, a new grill is used. The most expensive radio is AM/FM stereo seek with $ 594 cassette. Variations from the C/K series were introduced in 1985 in Brazil, replacing locally produced C10, introduced in 1964.
R/V-Series
For the model year of 1987, the last model year for conventional cab-pickups, the C-Series-C/K-Round has been renamed R/V-Series. The R-Series is now designated as a two-wheel drive, while the V-Series represents a four-wheel drive. Name changes are also found in vehicle identification numbers. This is done in preparation for the next generation GMT400 trucks, which are produced alongside the older lines. The new 1988 model truck entered production on December 8, 1986 in Pontiac East, Oshawa, and the new Fort Wayne plant. The 1987 model continues to be built in Janesville, St. Louis, and Flint.
Along with the name change, comes another great improvement and tweaks for the last years model of a conventional taxi pickup. Single-point electronic throttle-body fuel injection (TBI) is introduced in GM's full-size pickup, with new electric fuel pumps and high-pressure fuel lines. In addition, the "smart" powertrain control module (PCM) is also introduced, which controls fuel injection systems, fuel combustion ratio, engine ignition times, and (if equipped with automatic transmissions), Turbo Hydra-Matic coupling turbine torque converters. The 5.7 L 350 cubic inch pushrod V-8 was introduced to the order book for the R-Series and V-half-ton pickup class, with a new TBI fuel injection system. Horsepower and torque output are increased to 210 hp, and 300-lb-ft of torque.
After 1987, R/V was still used for pickup of one-ton Rounded-Line crew cabins via 1991 (built in Janesville), cabin chassis (which was removed after 1989; a single tax stop in the US/Canada where the production of tools was shipped to Mexico where it remained in production until 1991), and the Rounded-Line utility (Chevrolet K5 Blazer and Suburban, built in Flint) until 1991. From the 1988 model onwards, C/K was reused for the fourth generation "GMT400" design.
Controversy side fuel tank
The third generation of GM full-size pickup lines has a fuel tank design that draws criticism after the model runs over. The fuel tank is moved from the cabin to the outboard side of one or both of the rail frames under the cabin floor that extends below the main edge of the pickup box, commonly referred to as the saddle setting.
Writer and editorialist Walter Olson makes the following points: According to a 1993 report that was later dismantled on NBC's Dateline, this arrangement caused vulnerable trucks to explode in side collisions. The forged video was staged by expert witnesses to be hired against GM, Bruce Enz from The Institute for Safety Analysis. Enz uses bad burners and gas cover to create the impression of dangerous vehicles. Regardless of the increased risk of fire, GM trucks have safety records on side impact collisions that are statistically indistinguishable from their Ford and Dodge counterparts. The own saddle fuel tank, found to have a strong design is very resistant to crush or squeeze from side effects. The trucks equipped with these tanks have met and exceeded Federal Vehicle Safety Standard No. 301. Studies have shown that it takes about 4,000 collision collisions with the truck to get fire, major injuries or death.
It was also found that the Dateline report was dishonest about the rupture of the fuel tank and the alleged 30 mph speed (48 km/h) in which the collision was performed. The actual speed was found to be higher, about 40 mph (64 km/h), and after the x-ray fuel tank inspection of the C/K pickup used in the staged crash, it was found that they were not broken and intact.
Death rates vary widely. A study by Failure Analysis Associates (now Exponent, Inc.) found 155 deaths in GM trucks between 1972 and 1989 involving both side effects and fire. The Center for Automatic Security, lobby group Ralph Nader, claimed "more than 1,800 casualties" between 1973 and 2000 involving side effects and fires.
In 1993 the bad publicity generated by the Dateline story spawned several class action suits. In addition GM is sued more than 100 times in lawsuits filed by individuals burned in GM trucks. Almost all cases were settled out of court. In 1993, the Georgia jury awarded more than $ 105 million, including $ 101 million in damages, to the parents of a 17-year-old girl named Shannon Moseley who was burned to death. The verdict was subsequently annulled by the appellate court and the case was resolved before being re-trial.
On October 17, 1994, US Transport Secretary Federico F. Pena announced that a two-year investigation had found that the truck was causing a fire hazard. Federal officials estimate that 150 people may have died in a preventable fire accident. Gas tanks leaked in at least two GM crash tests around the time the trucks were first sold in 1972. The federal report also stated that 50 MPH crash tests conducted in the early 1980s "clearly show" tanks it is prone to stabbing. Perhaps influencing the government's decision on whether or not to order a withdrawal is the fact that in 1980 GM won in court when the federal government ordered a recall of suspected brake issues. GM and other car companies are required to comply with the Traffic Safety and National Motor Vehicle Act, which requires that they not only meet standards but also produce vehicles that operate safely in real conditions.
GM also completed the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1994 for $ 51 million to be used for the safety program. GM also offers $ 1,000 coupon owners to purchase new trucks with the old trade-in. The fourth generation Pickup C/K-Series 1988-2001, designed and manufactured well before the lawsuit, has a new single fuel tank located within the frame rails.
Foreign production
Sevel Argentina S.A. built the Chevrolet C10 at the CÃÆ'³rdoba plant from 1985 to 1991. The gasoline version using the Chevy 250Ã, CID (4.093Ã, cc) engine that is well known in most Latin American markets, generates 130Ã, hp. Since Sevel is a Peugeot subsidiary, the C10 is also available with a 70 hp or 2,304 cc diesel engine, probably best known in the US from Peugeot 504.
Fourth generation 1988-1998 (GMT400)
Planning for GMT400 began in the early 1980s. After the design froze, production development began in early 1984 and was introduced in April 1987 as a 1988 model (known as the GMT400 platform). There are eight different versions of the C/K line for 1988: Fleetside Single Cab, Fleetide Extended Cab, Fleetide Crew Cab, and Stepside Single Cab models, each in either 2WD (C) or 4WD (K) drives. This long cabin is the first one offered on GM pickups. Another significant change is the addition of an independent front suspension for all models. Three trim levels are available: Cheyenne, Scottsdale, and Silverado. The engine is 160 hp (119 kW) 4.3 L V6, 175 hp (130 kW) 5.0 L V8, 210 hp (157 kW) 5.7 L V8 and 6.2 L diesel V8. A 230Ã, hp (172Ã, kW) 7.4 L V8 is available in 3/4-ton and one ton trucks. Most of the powertrain is leftover from 1987 R/V with fuel injectors. To improve the truck's durability use the extensive galvanized steel features for corrosion resistance and a fully welded frame with the front of the box for strength and stiffness. During the development of the GMT400 platform, GM designers based their prototype on the GMT325 S-series (S10 and S15/Sonoma) - after the official GMT400 release was the first GM vehicle to use an electronic speedometer, and a serpentine accessory drive. Some consider the GMT400 as an upgraded version of S10/Sonoma with rounded contours - later incorporated into second-generation S-series.
In 1989, the Fleetside Sport package was available with matching body color bumpers and grille, chrome wheels, and fog lamps. The off-road Z71 package is also available with slippers and Bilstein plates. The Work Truck (W/T) was introduced in 1988, featuring a single-cab long bed with Cheyenne trim and a new grille with black bumper. Also in 1988 GMC 3500 EFI with 454 (7.4 L) is available. The 454 EFI produces 230 hp (172 kW) and 385 lb ft (522 N? M). In 1991, 4L80-E automatic transmission was available for 3/4-ton and one ton trucks. In 1992, a four speed manual transmission was dropped and a stepside truck was available with an extended taxi. The 6.5 liter diesel V8 is also available with a turbocharger. The 1994 model received a new front fascia, CHMSL federally required, many new exterior colors including new two-tone options on rocker panels, and new tires and wheel combinations. In 1993, the 700-R4/4L60 transmission was revised with electronic controls, being 4L60-E. This year's exterior changes include a special two-tone paint job, available in many new variants of gloss black exterior folding mirrors, and a modified door handle from a finely black finishing gloss to textured, satin. All 1995 models received a new interior that included a new steering wheel containing driver side airbags, a new dashboard containing more central radios, a dial-operated HVAC system and an improved gauge cluster. New front door panel, and new seating are also included. In 1996, a third passenger side door was installed optionally on an extended cabin model. New machines are included. The "Vortec" engine means the HP increases across the V6 and V8 small blocks. The 6.2 diesel V8 is dropped.
1997 carrying passenger side airbags for 1500 models to comply with new federal regulations for light trucks (2,500 and 3,500 models freed). It requires a bit of a dashboard redesign to include this airbag. In models where passenger airbags are not included, the space is occupied by a storage compartment. Also, 1997 is to be the last year C/K Silverado will feature CHEVROLET on the back door.
1998 means a slim update and a small badge as GM prepared the final GMT-400 platform. There is some overlap in the 1999-2002 model. In response to continued sales of the fleet, GMT400 trucks manufactured as Classic Sierra/Classic Silverado until GMT400 ended production at the end of the 2002 model year. The Brazilian version of GMT400 produced in Brazil is supported by six inline Chevrolet, a Sprint I2 2.2-liter Sprint Turbodiesel and Diesel 4.0L I4 NA Maxion.
GMT400 and G-Van are the last two platforms using the traditional Chevrolet V8 small block on the 2002 model.
The GMT800 platform was introduced in 1999 as Silverado/Sierra.
C/K in Oceania
Holden imported GMC C/K from 1996, specifically for ambulance use. They are not sold to the general public.
Jacab Ambulance at Tamworth bought GMC and converted from LHD to RHD
Machine
Sports Equipment Package (BYP RPO code)
In 1989, the Sports Equipment Package was available on single single cabin C/K1500 fleetside single cabin model with YE9 silverado interior trim package. The Sports Equipment package features a black grille with a red bow-tie emblem, black print underlined in red, front and rear bumper bodies, a black mirror and decals identification "SPORT" in the box and at the back door.
The only -2WD model also receives black air dams with integrated fog lights and 15X7 chrome wheels with special chrome plastic center caps.
The only -4WD model also receives black wheel flares, black tow hooks, 16-inch cast-aluminum wheels and 4x4 additional sports decals.
The BYP package is only available on solid, white and black painted trucks in 1989. It has been reported that sport 89 is a limited set of production set to determine how well packets will be received by consumers in the coming years. There is no suspension or upgraded engine provided with any of the sports packages as this is the only appearance option. Suspensions or upgrades or other options are only determined by an additional RPO code. It has been reported that only 5,400 BYP packaging trucks were manufactured in 1989.
In 1990, Sport was reintroduced and continued until 1994 along with 454SS. GMC models can now be selected with Sport appearance packages with their own unique combinations and color combinations. The exterior mirrors become solid, low-profile aerodynamic manual units that match the body color. The ZQ8 Sport suspension package is now an option available for the 2WD model which includes Bilstein Shocks, 12: 7: 1 steering ratio and 275/60R15 tires required. In 1992, the Blazer/Jimmy model can now be selected with the BYP package. The Sports Equipment package is the most often forged for Chevrolet trucks but the RPO decoding will reveal whether it's a true "sport" or not.
454SS (RPO B4U code)
In 1990, Chevrolet introduced a high performance variant of GMT400 under the Super Sport emblem called 454SS . It's only available as a regular 2WD half-ton regular short taxi box in Onyx Black with just a red garnet interior. The 454SS is powered by 454 cu in (7.4 L) V8 producing 230 hp (172 kW) and 385 Â £ lb (522 N? M). 3 speed automatic transmission (Turbo Hydra-Matic 400) and 3.73 rear axle ratio added to truck performance. The axle itself is unique, as a 14-bolt semi-floating unit that uses the standard Chevrolet 5 on a 5-inch wheel - the only 14-bolt axle manufactured by a factory with a wheel bolt pattern. The suspension is also enhanced with Bilstein 32-mm (1.3 o, in), 32 mm (1.3 inches) front stabilizer bar, and fast-ratio 12.7: 1 steering wheel assemblies.
Unique exterior features include a front air dam with fog lights, special rims, decals featuring "454SS" on the side of the bed, a slim red symbol, and painted black grille, bumper, and mirror. The interior is also unique with a luxurious red Garnet fabric with black trim, high chair backrest, and center console.
For 1991, a four-speed electronic automatic transmission (known as 4L80E), 25 more horsepower, and even higher torque (405 Â/ft at 2400 rpm) was added to 454SS. The rear axle ratio is also lowered to 4.10: 1 for extra jolt from the line. On the dashboard is a tachometer, oddly omitted from the 1990 model. Double exhaust was also added during the model years '91 -'93.
The 1990 model MSRP is US $ 18,295 with a destination cost of $ 550. A total of 16,953 units were sold for 4 years 454SS in production, with 1990, the first year of production, selling 13,748 units only. The 454SS was discontinued after the 1993 model.
In 1992-1993 other color choices include Summit White and Victory Red, with several interior color options. The rear quarter panels and tailgate decals also changed in 1992 to become more 'stylized' 'SS' and the Chevrolet sticker on the back door became much smaller and located in the corner area.
C3500 HD
In 1991, GM introduced a 15,000 pound GVWR C3500 HD model under the Chevrolet and GMC nameplate. It is positioned to bridge the gap between light and medium duty trucks. It was only offered as a standard chassis cabin until 1996 when chassis cabin crews were also offered. It is not clear whether the cabin crew is only for fleet orders, or if it is available to the general public. Extended cabs are never offered, even if such conversions have been made. All paint colors and most of the options are offered in C3500 HD. Upper marker/remote light is not an optional equipment on the C3500HD. Two mirror options are a western style beach camper and mirror style.
The common drive shaft used on the C3500 HD is Dana 80, a full floating shaft measuring 85.8 inches with an 11-inch ring gear equipped with a 19.5-inch x 6.0 wheel. The front axle is a solid I-beam shaft drop, similar to the middle axle and heavy duty truck. Front and rear climbing axles have disc brakes.
The available axes range is 135.5, 159.5, and 183.5 inches (3442, 4051, and 4661 mm). The C3500 HD uses a different frame from the cab and the C/K3500 chassis. The C/K3500 cab and frame and rear C3500 HD rear frame are positioned at 34-inch industry standard for easy body mounting, but that's where the similarity ends. The HD frame is much heavier and comes out directly behind the tall cabin and requires a clear HD charger panel between the bumper and the grille. The front fenders are also equipped with the same flares used on the 4x4 light truck model to cover the increased width of the track and the larger tires.
Two transmissions offered in C3500 HD; 4L80E 4-speed OD automatic, and NV4500 5-speed manual.
There is also a Brazilian version of the C3500 HD, which is offered in the domestic market only as a GMC and in regional export markets (basically Argentina and Uruguay) as Chevrolet. These versions are coupled in a way different from their American counterparts, ie 6-100 and 6-150 according to their GVWR estimate in metric tons (slightly above 6 tons) and power in PS (100PS for the 4-cylinder version installed with Maxion S4 engine and 150PS equipped with MWM Sprint 6.07TC), always bolted to 5-speed manual. The short C2500 bed version uses the GMC 3500 HD nameplate only between 2000 and 2001 and is equipped with an MWM engine, as GVWR increases to 3500 kilograms to be classified as a truck in Brazil to attract lower taxes and annual license fees.
GM has never offered the K3500 HD four-wheel-drive partner of the C3500 HD. Some aftermarket conversion companies offer a 4x4 version with a front axle of Fund 60 or Dana 70. At least one company, Monroe Truck, is offered by GM dealers as a ship-through 4WD outfit using VCB RPO code. Tulsa is another company that converts 4x4 to utility companies. Quigley Conversion is mostly for fire/ambulance applications.
Machine 1991-2000
The engine offerings for the C3500 HD include three gasoline engines; from 1991 to 1995 5.7L 350 Small Block and 7.4L GEN V Big Block. In 1996, both 5.7 and GEN V 7.4 were replaced by the new VI Vortec VI Blue Vortec Block.
One major addition to 1991-2000 is that it introduces 305 cu in the traditional 5.0L V8 and also in the most common 5.7L V8 in the SLE package.
The RPO L65 6.5L Turbo Diesel made its debut in the C3500 HD in 1991, the year of engine release. The 6.5 engine is the only diesel engine offered for the entire production of the T400 C3500 HD. No diesel was available for 1991, the first year of production of the C3500 HD.
Machines 2001-2002
While all other C/K pickup models were dropped in 2000, the C3500 HD was produced until 2002 due to fleet demand. In the brochure it is referred to as Sierra Classic/Silverado Classic. There are two engine options: 8.1 L Vortec V8 replace Gen VI 7.4 L Vortec, while Venerable 6.5 L Turbo Diesel continues.
Wheel
GMT400 Trucks are sold with 15-inch wheels on the C1500 model, 16 wheels on all other models, except the C3500 HD which has 19.5-inch wheels.
The bolt pattern for the wheel is:
C1500 - 5 x 5 "K1500, CK2500 Light Duty - 6 x 5.5" CK2500 HD, CK3500 - 8 x 6.5 "C3500 HD - 10 x 7.25"
Hollander 1366 - baja 19,5 x 6 inci, 10 lug, dually wheel, C3500 HD saja
Hollander 1618 - cor aluminium 16 x 7 roda inci, 6 lug K1500 "4x4" roda
Hollander 1619 - baja 16 x 6.5 8 lug CK2500HD, CK3500 Non-dually wheel
Hollander 1621 - steel 16 x 6.5 inch 6 wheeler, 2400 pound rating at 80 psi
Hollander 1622A - 16 x 6.5 inch 6-wheeler tooth, 1550 pound rating at 55 psi
Hollander 1622B - steel 16 x 6.5 inch 6 wheeler, 2400 pound rating at 80 psi
Hollander 1670A - 15 x 7 inch 5 lug chrome steel offered on the 454SS C1500 model
Hollander 1670B - painted steel 15 x 7 inch 5 lug wheel, 454SS backup
Hollander 1740 - Aluminum cast 15 x 7 inch 5 lug wheel offered on model 1988-1992 C1500 in very limited amount
Alcoa XXXX 16 x 7 inci 6 lug forged aluminium wheel - digunakan pada 2000 Tahoe Z71
Ronal R36 - 16 x 7 inci cast aluminium 5 spoke, 5 lug wheel, 2000 Tahoe Limited
Versi Brasil
The C/K family variant was introduced in Brazil during the 1960s. It used cluster instruments from the 1960-1966 US Chevrolet C/K series despite the exclusive metal sheet exterior layout for Brazil. Models built include light trucks, named C-10 , and an SUV named Veraneio (originally known only as the Chevrolet C-1416), introduced in 1964. They were originally supported with Chevrolet 4.2 l (260 cuÃ, in) six inline based on pre-1962 "Stovebolt" engine. Then they use the 4.1Ã engine, l (250Ã, cuÃ, in) from the Chevrolet Opala. In later years, four-cylinder diesel (Perkins Q20B) was also offered labeled D-10 (light truck only). The ethanol version of the C-10 was offered starting in 1981, dubbed A-10 .
After 1985, a redesigned pickup with the same cabin structure of the 1973-87 US C/K truck but with a different front clip that resembled the Opel-based Brazilian Chevrolet at that time was introduced as C-20 , powered by 4.1Ã, l (250 Â ° cu) inline six from US Chevy II/Nova. Diesel and ethanol versions are also sold, labeled as D-20 and A-20 respectively (newer D-20 models replace Perkins Q20B with Maxion S4). The original version of Veraneio was kept in production until 1988 (model 1989), but was eventually replaced with the latest version based on the C-20 family.
In 1997, GM officially introduced the Brazilian and Argentine Silverado pickups at the time, but only on the C2500 with the usual short bodystyle, which lasted until 2001, and by the end of 1998 came Tahoe, which in Argentina and Brazil was the Grand Blazer badge. In late 1999 Silverado production was diverted from Argentina to Brazil, and the Grand Blazer had just been removed. The 4.1Ã, L (250 cuÃ, in) six-inline engine with 138Ã, hp (103 kW) is offered on both models with an option for MWM 4.2Ã, L (260Ã, cuÃ,Â) a turbo diesel engine producing 168Ã, hp (125 kW). But the model earned a reputation as a less qualified work vehicle than its predecessor. After the Silverado was stopped in Brazil, GM stopped offering full-sized trucks in Brazil.
See also
- Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra
References
External links
- The penalty damages scandal. Entitled: "The Most Dangerous Vehicle On the Road", Wall Street Journal, February 9, 1993, By Walter Olson
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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