The ZIS-5 (Russian: ??? - 5 ) is a 4x2 Soviet truck manufactured by the Moscow ZIS factory from 1932 to 1958 (the first made in late 1930).
Video ZIS-5 (truck)
Development
In 1931 Moscow Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo (AMO, Russia ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Moscow Automotive Enterprise) the truck factory is refurbished and expanded with the help of American AJ Brandt Co., and started producing trucks new with the appointment of AMO-2. AMO-2 was intended as a substitute for the previous AMO-F15, the first Soviet truck made (it was a copy of the Italian Fiat F-15).
Soon AMO-2 is improved, and new AMO-3 and AMO-4 models emerge. In 1933, AMO was rebuilt and renamed as No. Factory. 2 Zavod Imeni Stalina (or Stalin Names Plant, abbreviated ZIS or ZiS) and in summer the newly emerging prototype ZIS-5.
Maps ZIS-5 (truck)
Production
The production of a new truck series began on October 1, 1933. The truck was an instant success and, together with the GAZ-AA, became the main Soviet truck of the 1930-50s. It also evolved into a hard-working Soviet armed forces: at the start of Operation Barbarossa, the Red Army could line up 104,200 of the trucks.
Facing the German invasion, in the fall of 1941, the production line at the Moscow plant was stopped and ZIS was transferred to Ulyanovsk (in Volga) and to Miass (in the Chelyabinsk region of the Urals). Production at Ulyanovsk UASZIS lasted from February 1942 to 1944, while UralZIS in Ulyanovsk began in July 1944; UralZIS installed a truck radiator with its own label and produced it until 1955, well after the end of the war.
Meanwhile, the Moscow ZIS plant resumed production of these trucks in April 1942, and continued until 1948, when the new ZIS-50 (ZIS-5 with new engine) emerged.
In 1955 UralZIS also modified the ZIS-5: It got a new engine and an oval fender, different from that before the war. The new model accepts the UralZIS-355 or ZIS-355 designation.
The ZIS-5V
By the end of 1941, the war on raw material shortages was forced to change the construction of ZIS-5. All changes focused on the simplification of the construction: round wings, branded flat, bent, cabin and footboard now made of wood, brakes removed from the front wheel, the back of the body only swinging the tailgate. Sometimes also the right front light is removed, while the bumper is removed from this version.
The simplified model, designated ZIS-5V, was produced since May 1942 in Ulyanovsk, and later also in Moscow and Miass. The overall production prints about 1 million units (all plants), with ZIS alone producing 532,311 samples. During the War period produced about 83,000 ZIS-5 of both versions.
Utilization
During the war ZIS-5 was used on all fronts, where it was greatly appreciated for its very simple and reliable construction. In addition to cargo assignments, the ZIS-5 is used as a light artillery tractor and to transport troops (25 soldiers can sit on five benches placed on the back agency). ZIS-5 also serves as the base for many specialty trucks, such as refuellers, field workshops, ambulances, portee weapons or AA platforms.
After GAZ-AA, ZIS-5 was the second most widely used Red Army truck of the 1933-1943 period. The intensive growth of Lend Lease truck shipments in 1943-1944 did not affect the use of the first line "Tryohtonka" (because the army calls ZIS-5 for 3-ton charge), while GAZ-AA is somewhat removed to secondary roles.
The ZIS-5 demonstrated exceptional service on "Road of Life", the only supply point to the besieged Leningrad town, opened on the freezing surface of Lake Ladoga in the winter of 1941-1944. This truck has a Zakhar nickname (?????, "????????", on the character).
Export
ZIS-5 is the first Soviet motor vehicle to be exported. A series of 100 trucks were sold to Turkey in 1934; Other quantities are then purchased by Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Spain, China, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Mongolia and Romania. Some of the trophy vehicles used by the Finns captured them during the 1939-40 Winter War, and by Germany after the Soviet invasion of June 1941.
Variant
- ZIS-5: Standard production version. Manufactured 1934-1941 and 1942-1947.
- ZIS-5V: A simplified version. Produced from 1942-1947.
- ZIS-6: Version three axles. Manufactured 1934-1941.
- ZIS-8: Bus version based on ZIS-11. Manufactured 1934-1938.
- ZIS-10: Tractor-trailer version. Manufactured 1938-1941.
- ZIS-11: The long wheelbase version (for firefighters). Manufactured 1934-1936.
- ZIS-12: Long wheelbase version (for special purpose). Manufactured 1934-1938.
- ZIS-13: Genset gas version, based on ZIS-14. Produced from 1936-1939.
- ZIS-14: Long wheelbase version (for special purpose). Produced in 1934.
- ZIS-15: Prototype replacement ZIS-5. Produced in 1937.
- ZIS-16: Bus version. Manufactured 1938-1941.
- ZIS-16C: An ambulance version based on ZIS-16. Produced from 1939-1941.
- ZIS-17: Prototype bus version based on ZIS-15. Produced in 1939.
- ZIS-18: Producer version of gas (similar to ZIS-13, except based on ZIS-5).
- ZIS-19: Version dump truck. Produced from 1939-1946.
- ZIS-20: Prototype dump truck version.
- ZIS-21: Gas generator version (with wood gas unit of NATI-G14). Produced from 1939-1941.
- ZIS-22: Halftrack version. Manufactured 1940-1941.
- ZIS-22M Prototype of ZIS-22 enhancement. Produced in 1941.
- ZIS-23: ZIS-15 three-axis version.
- ZIS-24: Four-wheel-drive version of ZIS-15.
- ZIS-25: ZIS-15 gas generator version.
- ZIS-26: Tractor-trailer version of ZIS-15.
- ZIS-28: Machine tested based on ZIS-15.
- ZIS-30: Version Multifuel. Manufactured 1940-1941.
- ZIS-31: Gas generator version (similar to ZIS-21, except with the charcoal unit of NATI-G23).
- ZIS-32: Four-wheel-drive version. Produced in 1941.
- ZIS-33: Halftrack version. Produced in 1940.
- ZIS-34: 6x4 version. Manufactured 1940-1941.
- ZIS-35: The modern version of ZIS-33.
- ZIS-36: The 6x6 prototype version. Produced in 1941.
- ZIS-41: Version of gas producer. Produced from 1940-1944.
- ZIS-42: Halftrack version. Produced from 1942-1944.
- ZIS-42M: Modernized ZIS-42.
- ZIS-43: An armed version of ZIS-42.
- ZIS-44: An ambulance version based on ZIS-5V.
- ZIS-50: ZIS-5 with ZIS-150 engine. Produced from 1947 to 1948.
- ZIS-S1: Version dump truck. Produced from 1947-1949.
- LET: Experimental electric vehicle, based on ZIS-5. Produced in 1935.
- ZIS-LTA: The halftrack logging truck prototype, based on ZIS-5. Produced in 1949.
Specifications
- 4x2, 2-axle 3-ton cargo truck
- The whole production: about 1 million
- Engine: carburetor, 73 hp (*)/2300 rpm 6-cylinder. SV, 5557 cc, 250 nm cooled torque (from January 1944 - 76 hp/2400rpm, from early 1950s - 85 hp)
- Bore/Stroke: 101.6/114.3 mm
- Length: 6,060 mm (238.6 inches) (with bumper)
- Height: 2,160 mm (85.0 inches)
- Width: 2,235 mm (88.0 inches)
- Wheelbase distance: 3.810 mm (150.0 inches)
- Transmission: 4x2 speed without sync
- Weight: 3,100 kg (6,834 pounds) (unloaded)
- Maximum speed: 60 km/h (37 mph) (from early 1950 - 70 km/h (43 mph))
- Tires: 34x7 or 9,00x20 (back of war) inches, acceptable change for 36x8.
- Fuel consumption: 34.0 L/100 km
(*) People who investigate ZIS-5 say that the engine power is actually less than proclaimed in official documents and is equivalent to 67-68 hp.
See also
- Katyusha rocket launcher
- ZIS-6
External links
- Henkofholland [1]
- Autogalleri [2]
- ZiS-5 on the website of the Red Army Machine in World War II [3]
- ZiS-5V on the website of the Red Army Machine in World War II [4]
- Autocar Dispatch Model SA on the truckplanet website [5]
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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