The Studebaker US6 (G630) is a series of 6x6.56 and 5-ton 6x4 trucks produced by Studebaker Corporation and REO Motor Car Company during World War II. The basic cargo version is designed to transport 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) cargo loads to all types of terrain in all types of weather. Much of it was exported to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease by the US during World War II, as the competing GMC 6x6 CCKW design proved more suitable for Western Front conditions.
Video Studebaker US6 2½-ton 6x6 truck
History
Design and development
In 1939-1940 the US Army Marine Corps was developing / 2 -ton (2,238 kg) 6-6 tactical trucks that can operate off the road in any weather. Studebaker, Yellow Coach (GM company) and International Harvester all submit designs received and started production in 1941.
A total of 219,882 2 -ton (2,268Ã, kg) 6x6 trucks and a similar 5-ton (4,536 kg) 6x4 version in thirteen variations built. Studebaker was the main producer, which built 197,678 of them at the South Bend IN plant, while REO produced 22,204 more at their Chicago IL plant from 1944 under subcontract. The REO truck is identical to Studebakers, but REO only builds cargo truck models with a long wheelbase and without a front-mounted winch, more specifically called US6 U9. All production by both manufacturers ended in 1945.
Services
US6 is produced mainly for export under Lend-Lease. The Soviet Union will become the largest foreign operator. The first US6 Studebaker truck arrived in the Soviet Union in the fall of 1941. The Red Army tested the eleven 6x6 "Studebekkers" (as they were called in the USSR) which took place between July 1942 and May 1943. The results were used to direct the payload enlargement of 2 1 / 2 tons (2,300 kg) to 4 tons (3,600 kg). In 1945, it was downgraded to 1 / 2 tons (3,200 kg, though on their repaired path can carry up to a maximum of 5 tons (4,500 kg).
A large number of US6 Studebaker trucks were supplied to the Soviet Union through the Persian Corridor in Iran under the US Lend-Lease program. The truck fulfilled many important roles in service with Soviet military forces during the war, such as withdrawing artillery pieces and anti-tank weapons and transporting long-range troops. It's famous for its overall ruggedness and reliability, including its ability to use poor quality fuel. The Soviet Red Army also found them as a suitable platform for conversion into Katyusha rocket launchers, although this was not their primary goal. The truck became familiarly known as Students by Soviet troops and was even recognized for its importance (for Soviet war effort) by Joseph Stalin, who sent a personal award letter to Studebaker, where he thanked them for the outside quality regular US6 for Soviet service.
The US6 Studebaker truck was also used by the US military in the construction of Ledo and Alcan Highway Roads in North America during World War II.
After the end of World War II, US6 greatly influenced the USSR design of the ZiS/ZiL-151 truck, which in turn evolved into a similar (and successful) ZiL-157.
Maps Studebaker US6 2½-ton 6x6 truck
Specifications
Engine and driveline
US6 uses the Hercules JXD engine, with an inline 6-cylinder 320 cc L-head (5.2 L) engine and 86 hp (64 kW) development at 2800 rpm and 200 lbf of torque? Ft (271 N m) at 1150 rpm. A conservative and very reliable type machine with a compression ratio of only 5.82: 1, can use 72-octane gasoline. This same machine is also used in M3 half-tracks and, later, M8 Greyhound and M20 armored car (the latter is a variant (less gun weapon) than Greyhound M8).
The Warner T 93 5 transmission speed has a very low first gear, fourth straight gear and overdrive fifth gear. Power take-off can be installed to operate the winch (mounted directly below in front of the radiator) and/or the hydraulic hoist on the dump truck (U10/U11 and U12/U13 dump truck models).
The Timken T-79 transfer case has a high and low range, neutral position and may involve or release the front axle. There is an output axle mounted forward to the front axle (not used in a 6x4 truck) and two backward, with one for each rear axle.
Front and rear axle is a Timken split type with a ratio of 6.6: 1. The front axle has a constant-ball-type-speed joint while the two in full are floating.
Chassis
US6 has a ladder frame with three beams, front on semi-elliptic spring springs, a rear tandem on a quarter elliptical leaf spring with a locating arm.
There are two wheelbases, a short 148 inches (3.76 m), used in a semi tractor, dump truck, and a short cargo model, and a length of 162 inches (4.11 m), used in tankers, long cargo models, and U9 cabins chassis (the measurement comes from the centerline of the front axle to the rear of the rear bogie). All models have 7.50 - 20 "tires and dual rear tires.The 6x4 model, intended for road use alone, is rated at 5 tonnes (4536kg), twice the 6x6 off-road rating.
Cab
The US6 carries the design of the Studebaker civil truck cabin, albeit modified for military use. Studebaker trucks differ from other 2 2 / 2 6x6 trucks built into US war effort because the ventilation window is inserted on every door. This ventilation window is separated from the main window that rolls into the door frame and can be swung out to help ventilate the truck's cab.
Studebaker also designed open-type truck type cabins featured at GMC CCKW (newer models), but their main customers, the Soviet Union, prefer a closed cab to their typically harsh climate (cold weather). While the Studebaker type open truck cab is American standard, US6 production with closed-type truck cabins resumes after only 10,000 units previously.
Model
U1 and U2 cargo trucks (which have front mounted winches) have a short wheelbase and spare tires mounted behind the cab, allowing the truck bed to measure only 9Ã, ft (2.74 m). These "prime mover" bodies did not work because US6 was primarily used to transport cargo.
U3/U4 and a 6x4 cargo truck U7/U8 has a longer wheelbase, which allows the spare tire to be installed under a 12 foot (3.66 m) truck bed. 197,000 trucks with truck beds 12 feet (3.66 m) built.
The U5 U5 tanker truck has a long wheelbase and 750 liter US (2,800 liters) compartment tank mounted on the truck bed. The tank truck is not equipped with a crane.
The 6x4 semi-tractor U6 is the only semi-tractor version in the entire US6 truck series. Semi-tractors have limited off-road performance and, therefore, the U6 is rated for a 5 ton load on an improved road. For this same reason, they do not have a winch mounted in front.
The cargo truck U9 has a long wheelbase and does not have a front mounted winch. Soviet Katyusha dual rocket launcher can be mounted on the bed of their truck (most US6 trucks in the Red Army service are from the U9 model).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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