Load load , also known as cargo security , is securing cargo for transportation. According to the European Commission's Transport Ministry "it has been estimated that up to 25% of accidents involving trucks can be caused by inadequate cargo safeguards". Unprotected cargo can cause severe accidents and result in loss of cargo, loss of life, loss of vehicles, unintentional concealment, or environmental hazards.
Video Load securing
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Due to globalization, the flow of goods transported to larger premises, containers, and new regulatory measures "will lead to greater demand for efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly cargo restraint products.
Many types of cargo such as corrugated fiber board boxes are often formed into units of payload. These often consist of items in the palette put together by stretch wrap, shrink wrap, pressure-sensitive, or strapping bands. Larger delivery containers such as crates are often on the edge and ready to be loaded. These unit loads are placed in intermodal containers, trucks, or rail cars for delivery. Some large round items or large engines are placed directly into or into transport vehicles for delivery.
Load a security function to hold a load unit of a palette, a crate, or other items that can not move and secure. Unsecured loads can shift in transit and create dangerous dynamics, damaging cargo and vehicle structures or intermodal containers.
Maps Load securing
Method
There are many different ways and different materials available to stabilize and secure the charge in vehicles and intermodal containers. Often a combination of load security methods is used. For example the load can be blocked against the headboad of the truck and has the binding constraint of the webbing bond.
Blocking & amp; Bracing
Blocking & amp; bracing is a method of securing loads using wooden and metal rods to reduce or inhibit the shifting of cargo/cargo forward. Plastic forms are also used.
Fasteners
Depending on the type of load and certain vehicles, bolts and spikes can be used. This may be on the load itself or on a wooden block used to withstand loads.
Dunnage
Dunnage to secure cargo including used wood to fill cavities in cargo, wooden planks forming a "box", blocking and strengthening, and modern mechanics, peg systems and spring sockets, Dunnage separates cargo in the hold and prevents the transfer of cargo in response to ship movement or vehicle.
Strapping
Strapping is used to create transportable units. This type of strapping includes steel, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, paper, and composite. The type of rope used depends on the requirements, such as strength, elasticity, ability to withstand multiple environments, ease of use, security, and cost.
All types of straps, especially steel, should be handled with caution due to possible injury.
Flog
Flogging is securing cargo for transportation with the aim of minimizing shifts. Goods used for hitting include straps, wires, cables, chains, binders, and nets. These items anchored to the container and fastened to the cargo. Another form of hitting uses four devices attached at the top of each corner of the container. Whipping products and methods are governed by various authorities such as the Association of American Railroads (AAR) for rail transport in North America, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for marine transportation, and the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA).
Dunnage Bag
While strapping and lashing is often used to secure the odd-shaped charge such as engines, structures, and vehicles. Dunnage bags are widely used for homogeneous cargo like food & amp; beverage products, electronic equipment and roll paper. Often, strapping/lashing and dunnage bags are used in combination to secure chemical products. Dunnage Bags is not approved for rail transport of hazardous materials in the United States.
Dunnage Bags, also known as airbags, were introduced about 40 years ago as an easy, fast, and cost-effective alternative to securing and stabilizing cargo in ISO, enclosed, truck and ship (ocean) marine containers. The purpose of dunnage bags is often misunderstood when they are considered as a vacuum filler just to prevent the lateral movement of the cargo. When correctly applied, the dunnage bag forms a 3-dimensional barrier from the cargo itself which prevents lateral and longitudinal movement.
Tie down
Heavy loads are sometimes secured for vehicles with straps, heavy straps, or strung chains.
See also
- Destroy bulk cargo
- Freight
- Intermodal cargo transport
- Stevedore
- Load Device Unit
Standard
- ASTM D3953 Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
- ASTM D3950 Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Method)
- ASTM D4649 Guide to Selection and Use of Stretch Wrap Movies
- ASTM D4675 Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
- ASTM D5728 Standard Practices for Cargo Security in Intermodal and Unimodal Surface Transport
- EN 12195-1: 2010 en - Road load containment - Security - Part 1: Security style calculation
- EN 12195-2: 2000 en - Load restraint assemblies on vehicles on the road - Security - Part 2: Web lashes made of man-made fibers
- EN 12195-3: 2001 id - Load the restraint assembly on the road vehicle - Security - Part 3: Hit the chain
- EN 12195-4: 2004 en - Load the restraint assembly on the vehicle on the road - Security - Part 4: Hit the steel wire rope
- EN 12195-1: 2010/C1: 2013 en - Controlling the load on vehicles on the road - Security - Part 1: Counting security forces
- EN 12195-1: 2010/C2: 2014 en - Load load on road vehicles - Security - Part 1: Security strength calculation
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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