FedEx Express , formerly Federal Express , is a cargo carrier based in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It is the largest airline in the world in terms of tons of goods being flown and the fourth largest in the world in terms of fleet size. It is a subsidiary of FedEx Corporation, sending packages and deliveries to over 375 destinations in almost every country every day.
Its headquarters are in Memphis with its global "SuperHub" located at Memphis International Airport. In the United States, FedEx Express has a national hub at Indianapolis International Airport. The regional center is located at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, Oakland International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, Fort Worth Alliance Airport, Piedmont Triad International Airport and Miami International Airport. The international regional center is located at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Kansai International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport, and Cologne Bonn Airport. There are a total of 12 air hubs in corporate networks around the world.
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Histori
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The concept for what became Federal Express came to Fred Smith in the mid-1960s, while a graduate student at the Yale. For the economy class, he submitted a paper stating that in today's technological society time means money more than ever and with the advent of miniature electronic circuits, very small components have become invaluable. He argues that consumer societies are becoming increasingly hungry for mass-produced electronic goods, but the decentralized effects caused by these devices give manufacturers a remarkable logistical problem in the delivery of goods. Smith felt that the required delivery speed could only be achieved by using air transport. But he was convinced that the US air cargo system was so inflexible and bound by regulations at the time that it really was not able to make deliveries fast enough. In addition, the US air cargo industry is very unsuited to that role. The system relies on inter-firm cooperation, since interlining is often required to get consignment from point A to point B, and the industry relies heavily on cargo forwarding to fill storage space and make deliveries at the door.
In his paper, Smith proposes a new concept - having one operator responsible for a piece of payload from local pickup up to final delivery, operating his own aircraft, depot, post station, and delivery van. To ensure accurate sorting and delivery of each freight, the carrier will fly it from all the pickup stations to the central clearing center, from which all operations will be controlled. Over the years it has been wrongly reported that the professor who taught the course gave the grade "C", but Fred explained in a 2004 interview that the value is unknown and the "C" value report is due to his response to a reporter asking what value he or she thank you and the answer is, "I do not know, maybe make my usual C." Despite the opinion of the professor, Smith holds to the idea.
Smith founded Federal Express Corporation in 1971 in Little Rock, Arkansas, where Smith operates Little Rock Airmotive. After a lack of support from the Little Rock National Airport, Smith moved the company to Memphis, Tennessee, and Memphis International Airport in 1973.
The company started operations overnight on April 17, 1973, with fourteen Dassault Falcon 20 connecting twenty-five cities in the United States. Fred Smith's childhood friend, John Fry from Ardent Studios, sends Ardent Terry Manning's couple to the Federal Express home office at Democrat Road near Memphis Airport with the first package put into the system. That night, 186 packs were brought. Services include overnight and two-day package and overnight delivery services, as well as Courier Pak. Federal Express began marketing itself as a "freight forwarder with a delivery truck of 550 miles per hour". However, the company began to experience financial difficulties, losing up to one million USD a month. While awaiting a flight home to Memphis from Chicago after being denied for capital by General Dynamics, Smith impulsively made a flight to Las Vegas, where he won $ 27,000 playing blackjack. Victory enables a cash-strapped company to meet payrolls on the following Monday. "$ 27,000 is not decisive, but it's a sign that things will get better," Smith said. In the end, he raised somewhere between $ 50 and $ 70 million, out of twenty leading corporate speculators, including companies like First National City Bank of New York and Bank of America in California. At that time, Federal Express was the most financed new company in US history, in terms of venture capital.
Federal Express installed its first drop box in 1975 that allowed customers to drop packages without going to the company's local branch. In 1976, the company became profitable with an average volume of 19,000 packages per day.
Fast growth
The 1977 legislative amendment (Public Law 95-163) removed restrictions on routes operated by all cargo carriers, and allowed Federal Express to purchase its first major aircraft: seven Boeing 727-100. In 1978, the company went public and registered on The New York Stock Exchange. The following year became the first shipping company to use computers to manage packages when launching "COSMOS" (Customers, Operating Systems and Online System Services), centralized computer systems for managing people, packages, vehicles and real-world scenarios. time. In 1980, the company implemented a "DADS" (Digital Assistance Updating System) to coordinate on-call pickup for customers; this system allows the customer to schedule the retrieval on the same day.
In 1980, Federal Express began serving more than 90 cities in the United States. The following year the company introduced its overnight letter to compete with the US Post Mail Service, and enabled the first time to send documents. Then in 1981 began international operations with service to Canada, and officially opened "SuperHub" at Memphis International Airport.
Federal Express sales reached $ 1 billion for the first time in 1983. That same year the company introduced ZapMail, a fax service that guaranteed delivery of up to five pages in less than two hours for $ 35. ZapMail would then be a big failure for the company, with cost hundreds of millions of dollars.
In 1986, the company introduced "SuperTracker", a bar code handheld scanner that brought packet tracking to the shipping industry for the first time. Federal Express continued its rapid expansion in the late 1980s, and opened its center at Newark Liberty International Airport in 1986 and at Indianapolis International Airport and Oakland International Airport in 1988. In 1989, the company acquired Flying Tiger Line to expand its international services , and then opened a hub at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport to accommodate this new expanded service. As international shipping volume increases, Federal Express creates a Clear Custom Clearance System to speed regulatory clearance when cargo is on the way.
FedEx era
In 1994, Federal Express adopted the name "FedEx", formalizing the abbreviations until then unofficial. Also in that year, FedEx launched Fedex.com as the first transportation website to offer online package tracking, allowing customers to do business over the internet. In 1995, the company acquired air routes from Evergreen International to start service to China, and opened an Asia and Pacific hub at Subic Bay International Airport in the Philippines. In 1997 FedEx opened its center at the Fort Worth Alliance Airport and in 1999 opened a European hub at Charles de Gaulle Airport in France. In 2000, the company officially dropped the name "Federal Express" and became "FedEx Express" to distinguish its express delivery service from others offered by its parent company, FedEx Corporation.
In 2001, FedEx Express signed a single 7-year source contract to transport all Express Mail and Priority Mail for the United States Postal Service. Prior to 2001, the Postal Service was contracted with several airlines regionally for this service. This contract allows FedEx to place drop boxes at every USPS post office. In 2007, the contract was extended to September 2013. In 2013 FedEx Express won a new 7-year contract for service ending in 2020 that defeated UPS launching a competitive offer. By 2017, the Postal Service extends the 2013 to 2024 contracts. The USPS continues to be the largest customer of FedEx Express.
In December 2006, FedEx Express acquired the British courier company ANC Holdings Limited for Ã, £ 120 million. The acquisition added 35 such facilities to the FedEx network and the company introduced Newark, Memphis, and Indianapolis routes directly to UK airports instead of stopping at the FedEx European hub at Charles de Gaulle Airport. In September 2007, ANC was renamed to FedEx UK. FedEx Express also acquired Flying-Cargo Hungary Kft to expand its services in Eastern Europe.
Economic downturn
The recession of the late 2000s hit the parent company of FedEx Corporation and its harsh expressive division. Many companies are looking for ways to save money stopping shipping or moving to cheaper alternatives, such as surface delivery. FedEx Corporation announced a large network capacity reduction on FedEx Express, including stopping some of the oldest and most inefficient aircraft such as McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Airbus A310. FedEx also announced layoffs and reduced working hours in some of its hubs.
In December 2008, FedEx delayed the delivery of the new Boeing 777 Freighter; four were delivered in 2010 as previously agreed, but in 2011, FedEx only received four shipments instead of ten originally planned. The remaining planes are delivered in 2012 and 2013.
FedEx Express closed a hub for the first time in its history, when operations at the Asia-Pacific hub at Subic Bay International Airport in the Philippines ceased on February 6, 2009. The operation was diverted to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in southern China. FedEx Express had planned to open a new hub in China in December 2008 but in November 2008, the company delayed its opening until early 2009 on the grounds to test the new center entirely.
On June 2, 2009, FedEx opened a new hub building at Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina. FedEx announced in December 2008, that it was still intended to open the building on time, despite the bad economy. The operation of the center will be reduced from 1,500 employees to just 160, the size of previous operations at much smaller sorting facilities. FedEx does not give a time limit on when the hub will operate at the expected hub level. Hubs have been delayed for years since FedEx first chose the airport to become a Mid-Atlantic US hub in 1998. FedEx has to fight many complaints from nearby homeowners about the anticipated noise generated by its aircraft, as most of its flights take place at night. The third platform is built to accommodate additional hub and plane operations.
On October 27, 2010, FedEx opened its Central and Eastern European hub at Cologne Bonn Airport. This hub has a fully automated sorting system that can process up to 18,000 packets per hour. The roof of the hub features the largest FedEx solar power installation, generating 800,000 kilowatt hours per year.
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Fleet
In May 2018, the FedEx Express fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
Note: "SF" stands for Special Freighter aircraft, while "ERF" stands for Extended Range Freighter.
FedEx Express operates the largest cargo air fleet in the world with more than 650 aircraft, and is the largest operator of Airbus A300, ATR 42, Cessna 208, McDonnell Douglas DC-10/MD-10 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11. The Company took delivery of the last Boeing 727 built in September 1984 and the last A300/A310 built in July 2007. To respond to rapidly changing cargo demand (ie more cargo to be accommodated on aircraft), or to prevent cargo from stranded on a grounded plane with mechanical problems, FedEx Express tends to store a number of empty or less heavy aircraft (usually five) in the air overnight to "sweep" the US.
In 2007, FedEx revealed plans to acquire 90 Boeing 757-200s. Because production ended in 2005, FedEx had no choice but to buy used aircraft from other airlines to replace the old Boeing 727 fleet, at a cost of US $ 2.6 billion. Debut 757 for revenue service is on May 28, 2008. The last Boeing 727 has retired on June 21, 2013, after 35 years working with FedEx.
FedEx Express is scheduled to be the launch airline for the Airbus A380 aircraft, ordering ten for delivery between 2008 and 2011 with options on the other ten. The company had planned to introduce the first aircraft to service in August 2008 for use on routes between hubs in the United States and Asia. Faced with a A380 delay of more than two years, FedEx canceled this order and replaced it with an order for 15 Boeing 777Fs with options for the other 15, which will ship from 2009 to 2011. FedEx said that Airbus will allow it to transfer non-refundable deposits for purchase of the aircraft in the future, and has stated can consider the A380F when the A380 program is less affected by construction delays. In December 2008, FedEx delayed delivery of some of the 777: four to be delivered in 2010 as previously agreed, and four more in 2011, than the original 10 planned. Delivery of the remaining aircraft was delayed until 2012 and 2013. In January 2009, FedEx exercised the option to purchase 15 more 777 cargoes and obtain an option for a further 15.
On December 15, 2011, FedEx announced orders for 27 Boeing 767-300Fs to replace its MD-10 aircraft. The 767 aircraft will be delivered between 2014 and 2018, with three aircraft delivered in 2014, and with six aircraft delivered each year between 2015 and 2018. The airline is also delaying shipments of the eleven Boeing 777 carriers currently booked, but convert two options to the ordering company.
On July 2, 2012, FedEx announced orders for an additional 15 Boeing 767-300 cargoes to replace its MD-10 and A310-200 aircraft. As part of this announcement, they converted four of Boeing 777 aircraft orders to 767-300Fs, with a total of 19 767 new. The first Boeing 767-300F was delivered to the airline on September 4, 2013.
With one of the largest aircraft fleets in the world, FedEx Express is the largest contributor of the US Civil Air Fleet in terms of the plane it promises.
The first Dassault Falcon 20C sent to FedEx (operated with N8FE registration) is displayed at Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum at the Smithsonian Institution.
History of the fleet
Personnel
In 2015, the company's pilots are organized under the auspices of the Air Line Pilots Association.
FedEx Feeder
FedEx Feeder is a branding that is applied to all proprietary-driven FedEx Express planes that supply packages to and from airports served by larger jet aircraft.
In the United States (along with Morningstar Air Express in Canada), FedEx Express operates the FedEx Feeder (and for Morningstar, FedEx's primary service) on a dry lease program in which the contractor will lease aircraft from the FedEx fleet and provide crew to operate aircraft solely for FedEx. All US-operated feeders, plus Morningstar feeders and mainstream fleets, are owned by FedEx and because these are all on FedEx Feeder livery (or in the case of Morningstar's primary fleet, FedEx Express livery standards). Just like a regional airline, the contractor operates the aircraft with its own flight number and call signature.
Outside the United States (except for Morningstar Air Express), the contractor will provide your own aircraft, which may or may not be available on FedEx Feeder livery. Depending on the arrangement with FedEx, the contractor may be able to carry cargo to other companies with FedEx cargo.
List of contract carriers:
Environmental Initiatives
Delivery fleet
In 2003, FedEx Express introduced hybrid electric/diesel trucks into its fleet. At that time the company hoped to replace all 30,000 truckloads of W700 trucks with hybrids, but by June 2009 only 170 were on the road. Ninety-three of them are operated in the United States in New York, Tampa, Sacramento, and Washington, D.C.; while the remainder is operated in Tokyo, Toronto and Turin. FedEx blames low numbers for lack of investment from other large companies in hybrid technology. He hopes that other companies will order hybrid trucks, and that tax credits will be issued by the United States government to reduce costs.
FedEx claims that hybrid trucks in testing in 2003 decreased soot by 96 percent and emissions by 65 percent. He also claims that the truck reaches more than 50% better fuel consumption while still having the same cargo capacity as conventional trucks.
In 2009, FedEx Express partnered with Iveco and embarked on a new hybrid electric/diesel van test program. The pilot program consists of ten hybrid vans housed in Italian cities in Milan and Turin. FedEx claims the new van will have a 26.5% reduction in fuel consumption and a 7.5 tonne reduction in carbon dioxide emissions when compared to FedEx vehicle standards. The trial will end in May 2010 and FedEx will then evaluate whether the van should be deployed on a larger scale.
In July 2009, FedEx Express partnered with Freightliner and Eaton Corporation to convert 92 shipping trucks into hybrids. The conversion increased the fleet of FedEx hybrid-electric vehicles by more than 50 percent to 264. The trucks were operated in California, Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco.
In November 2009, FedEx Express purchased 51 petrol-electric hybrid vehicles from Azure Dynamics, to operate in the Bronx, New York City. Bronx became the first hybrid station in FedEx. The addition will bring the fleet of electric vehicles and electric hybrid FedEx Express to 325.
Modernization of the plane
FedEx Express has set a goal to get 30 percent of jet fuel from petroleum alternatives by 2030.
FedEx removes the Boeing 727 in 2013 replacing it with Boeing 757; the airline says 757s are 47 percent more fuel-efficient. FedEx will eventually move from MD-11 to Boeing 777 for long-haul routes, international routes, freeing the MD-11 fleet to fly shorter routes currently flown by DC-10.
Incidents and major accidents
During the history of Federal Express and FedEx Express, there were eight incidents in the fleet, plus piracy efforts, two deaths and eight aircraft hull losses. This table only lists major fleet accidents occurring under direct FedEx Express operations, and does not include gaps associated with the FedEx Feeder fleet, or incidents or accidents related to the Flying Tiger Line after acquisition by Federal Express until its operations are fully merged with Federal Express.
Northrop Grumman Guardian
In 2003 FedEx Express partnered with the Department of Homeland Security and Northrop Grumman to develop and test the flight of the anti-missile system, Northrop Grumman Guardian. This meant that the system could be used on commercial aircraft to protect them from terrorist attacks such as the 2003 DHL revocation incident in Baghdad in 2003. FedEx provided the MD-11 and 747 hired for the flight test phase.
FedEx Express became the first airline to use the Guardian on commercial flights in September 2006, when it was equipped with an MD-10 carrying vessel with a pod. The company currently has nine aircraft equipped with systems for further testing and evaluation. Due to the program's success, the US Congress directed DHS to extend it to passenger aircraft.
Sorting Facilities
- Memphis, TN - World Super Hub
- Indianapolis, IN - National Hub
- Anchorage, AK/Ted Stevens
- Oakland, CA - West Coast Hub
- Newark, NJ/Liberty
- Ft Worth, TX/Alliance
- Miami, FL - Latin American Hub
- Greensboro, NC/Piedmont Triad - MidAtlantic Hub -
- Paris, France/Charles de Gaulle - European Hub
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada/Pearson - Canada Hub
- Guangzhou, China/Baiyun
- Shanghai, China/Pudong
- Osaka, Japan - North Pacific Region Hub
- Cologne, Germany/Cologne-Bonn
- London, England/Stansted - UK Hub
- Dubai, UAE - Middle East Hub
- Singapore - South Pacific Hub
- Taipei, Taiwan
See also
References
External links
- FedEx
- FedEx Express Facts
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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