The Dakar Rally (or just " The Dakar " formerly known as " Paris-Dakar Rally ") is an annual rally organized by the Organization Sports Amaury. Most of the events since the beginning of 1978 came from Paris, France, to Dakar, Senegal, but due to security threats in Mauritania, which led to the cancellation of rallies in 2008, the race since 2009 has been held in South America. The race is open to amateur and professional entries, amateurs usually make up about eighty percent of the participants.
The race is an off-road endurance event. The field through which a competitor goes is much tougher than that used in conventional rally, and the vehicle used is a real off-road vehicle rather than a modified vehicle on the highway. Most of the competitive specialty is off-road, across dunes, mud, camel grass, rocks, and erg amongst others. The distance of each closed phase varies from short distances up to 800-900 kilometers (500-560Ã, mi) per day.
Video Dakar Rally
Histori
The race originated in December 1977, a year after Thierry Sabine got lost in the TÃÆ'nà © nà © à © rà ©  © desert while competing in the Abidjan-Nice rally and decided that the desert would be a good location for regular rallies. 182 vehicles took the start of the inaugural rally in Paris, with 74 10,000 kilometer (6,200 mi) safe passengers to the Senegalese capital, Dakar. Cyril Neveu holds the distinction of being the first winner of the event, riding a Yamaha motorcycle. The event quickly gained popularity, with 216 vehicles starting in 1980 and 291 in 1981. Neveu won the event for the second time in 1980, Hubert Auriol took the award in 1981 for BMW. At this stage, the rally has begun to attract the participation of famous names from other places in motorsport, such as Henri Pescarolo and Jacky Ickx.
Now boasts 382 competitors, more than double the number that started in 1979, Neveu won the event for the third time in 1982, this time riding a Honda motorcycle, while victory in the car class went to Marreau's brother, driving privately entered Renault 20 , which exploits its expats seems perfectly capturing the spirit of the early years of the rally. Auriol won its second bike class in 1983, Japan's first year Mitsubishi competed in the rally, starting an association that will last until 2009.
On the initiative of 1983 winner of Jacky Ickx's car class, Porsche entered Dakar in 1984, with the total number of entries now at 427. The German Marque won the show on their first attempt of Renà ©  © Metge, who had previously won the car category in 1981, Ickx finishes sixth. Meanwhile, Gaston Rahier continued BMW's success in the motorcycle category with back-to-back triumphs in 1984 and 1985, the year of Mitsubishi 12's first win in the car category, Patrick Zaniroli taking the spoils. The 1986 event, won by Metge and Neveu, was marred by the death of the founder of the Sabine event in a helicopter crash, his father Gilbert taking over the rally organization.
Peugeot-CitroÃÆ'« dominance
The 1987 rally marked the start of an era of official factory participation in the car category, when the French manufacturer Peugeot arrived and won the event with former World Rally champion Ari Vatanen. The 1987 event was also famous for a fierce head-to-head duel between Neveu and Auriol in the motor category, the first to take his fifth win after Auriol was forced to break out of the rally after breaking both ankles as he fell. The events of 1988 peaked in terms of number of entries, with 603 beginners. Vatanen's title defense slipped when his Peugeot was stolen from the service area in Bamako. Although later discovered, Vatanen was later disqualified from the event, winning instead to his compatriot and teammate Juha Kankkunen.
Peugeot and Vatanen returned to winning tracks in 1989 and 1990, the latter marking the final year of the Peugeot rally race before turning to the World Sportscar Championship. Citro's noble sister, Vatanen took third place in a row in 1991. The 1991 event also saw StÃÆ'Â © phane Peterhansel taking his first title in the motorcycle category with Yamaha, marking the beginning of the era of domination by the French.
For the 1992 event, the finish line moved to Cape Town, South Africa in an effort to combat the decline in the number of competitors, where GPS technology was used for the first time. Auriol became the first man to win in several classes after taking a second Mitsubishi win in the car class, while Peterhansel successfully defended his motorcycle category title. The 1993 rally entry list slumped to 153 competitors, about half of the previous year's figure and about a quarter from 1988. The event was the last held by Gilbert Sabine and the Amaury Sports Organization took over the following year. With the finish line now back at traditional Dakar location, Bruno Saby won the third title for Mitsubishi and Peterhansel achieved the third success in the motorcycle category.
The 1994 event returned to Paris after reaching Dakar, resulting in a very exhausting event. Pierre Lartigue earned a second Citroen victory in a fierce situation, as Mitsubishi's main drivers were forced to withdraw from exhaustion after crossing some very demanding sand dunes in the Mauritania desert left behind by the Citroen crew. Peterhansel did not compete because of a dispute between Yamaha and the race organizers over the rules. Edi Orioli claimed the third title in the bike category. The events of 1995 and 1996 began in the Spanish city of Granada, with Lartigue winning for Citroen in both years. Peterhansel again took the fourth category winner in 1995, but lost to Orioli in 1996 due to refueling problems.
Mitsubishi in power
The 1997 rally ran exclusively in Africa for the first time, with routes running from Dakar to Agadez, Niger and back to Dakar. The Citroen withdrawal due to rule changes paved the way for Mitsubishi to clinch a fourth win. Kenjiro Shinozuka Japan became the first non-European to win the event. Peterhansel equaled Neveu's record of the five winning motorcycles in 1997, before becoming the best in 1998, when the event returned to the traditional Paris-Dakar route. 1998, Dakar veteran Jean-Pierre Fontenay posted another victory for Mitsubishi in the car class.
1999 begins in Granada and is a first success for Formula One and sports car driver Jean-Louis Schlesser, who has built his own train since 1992. With the help of Renault, Schlesser overcame Mitsubishi's work and Nissan's crew to win, while Peterhansel's decision to move to the category the car allowed Richard Sainct to win his first BMW title in the bicycle category since 1985. Schlesser and Sainct both managed to defend their title in 2000, crossing the route from Dakar to the Egyptian capital Cairo.
2001 was the last time that the rally used the familiar Paris-Dakar route, and was famous for Mitsubishi Jutta Kleinschmidt, as he was the first woman to win the rally - albeit only after Schlesser was sentenced to an hour for unsportsmanlike behavior. Fabrizio Meoni won the first Dakar victory for Austrian manufacturer KTM, starting a winning streak that has lasted to this day. The year 2002 started in the French city of Arras and old Dakar contender Hiroshi Masuoka won the event for Mitsubishi (Masouka had led many of the previous year's rally.) The 2003 rally featured an unusual route from Marseille to Sharm El Sheikh. Masuoka defended his title after old team mate and leader Peterhansel was plagued by mechanical problems in the penultimate stage. Meanwhile Sainct received an award in the motorcycle category, a third for him and KTM.
Security worries
The mid 2000s saw the Dakar Rally reach its peak of popularity. The entry list in 2004 increased to 595, up from 358 in 2001, with a record 688 competitors starting in 2005. Along with Mitsubishi and Nissan, Volkswagen now boasts a full factory venture, while Ford-powered Ford and BMW BMW from Germany X- Team the raid proved a thorn in the side of a large budget work team. The 2004 route is from Clermont-Ferrand to Dakar, and this year Peterhansel imitated the achievements of Hubert Auriol winning rally on two wheels and four. The French defended their title in 2005, when the rally began for the first time in Barcelona. In the bicycle category, KTM continued their success with Nani Roma in 2004, which switched to the car category the following year, and Cyril Despres in 2005.
The 2006 event moved to Lisbon. Nissan withdrew because it failed to provide effective resistance against Mitsubishi, who won his sixth straight win, this time with former ski champion Luc Alphand after Peterhansel made a series of errors at the end of the rally. Peterhansel made the changes in 2007, however, taking his third title in the car category for Mitsubishi after a close contest with Alphand after Volkswagen's increasingly competitive retirement with mechanical problems. In what will be the last Dakar Africa event, Despres won his second title in the bike category, having conceded a 2006 win to Marc Coma after suffering an injury.
The 2008 events, due to leave Lisbon two years earlier, were canceled on January 4, 2008 amid fears of terrorist attacks in Mauritania, causing serious doubts over the future of the rally. Chile and Argentina offered to organize the next event, an offer which was later received by ASO. ASO also decided to establish a Dakar Series competition, whose first event was the 2008 Central European Rally, located in Hungary and Romania, which acted as a replacement for the 2008 canceled Dakar edition.
South America
The 2009 event, first held in South America with a respectable 501 entry, saw Volkswagen finally grab its first win in Dakar as the work of a courtesy of Giniel de Villiers. Team-mate and former WRC champion Carlos Sainz has led comfortably to the exit but seized the opportunity to win the event in 2010. After a poor showing in 2009, Mitsubishi withdrew from the competition and left Volkswagen the only participant. The German marque deservedly won the race for the third time in 2011, this time with Nasser Al-Attiyah, before they pulled to focus on their upcoming WRC entry and leave Dakar without factory participants in the car class. On the bike, Despres and Coma stretched KTM's unbeaten success unbelievably. Both are tied to three wins each after their third Goma victory in 2011.
In the 2012 rally, the X-raid team came to the front, now using Minis as BMW's successor. Peterhansel had joined the team in 2010 after Mitsubishi's departure, but was unable to challenge the Volkswagen driver. After Volkswagen's withdrawal, Peterhansel secured his fourth win in the car category and the 10th overall, his main opposition coming from within his own team. Peterhansel successfully defended his title in 2013 because Damen Jefferies buggies from Sainz and Al-Attiyah failed to survive from distance. Despres also won two more wins for KTM in bicycle classes in 2012 and 2013, bringing his tally to five, helped by Goma's absence from injury in the final year. Coma retaliated by returning to Dakar in 2014, taking his fourth comfortable and 13th consecutive title for KTM, while Nani Roma imitated Auriol and Peterhansel by claiming his first decade in a decade-old car class from his triumph on two wheels - albeit only after team orders by X-raid slow down Peterhansel.
Peugeot returned for the 2015 event with a two-wheeled all-new diesel driver, but failed to make an impact when Minis X-raid dominated once more. Al-Attiyah won the event in his second year for the team, while Coma won his fifth title on bicycle after defeating long-time Despres rivals to the car class and Peugeot. Peugeot, however, saw success in 2016 with Peterhansel behind the wheel, grabbing his sixth win in the car category. The bike category saw the KTM team rider working, Australian Toby Price, winning his first Dakar win.
Maps Dakar Rally
Vehicles and vehicles
The four major competitive groups in Dakar are motorcycles, quads, class cars, (which range from buggies to small SUVs) and truck classes. Many vehicle manufacturers use the harsh environment of the rally as a testing ground and the opportunity to show off their vehicle's durability - though in reality most vehicles are heavily modified or made with purpose.
Motorbikes
In 2011, the engine capacity limit for all competing motorcycles in the Dakar Rally is 450cc. The machine can be single or twin cylinders. Riders are divided into two groups, "Elite" (Group 1) and Non-Elite (Group 2), with the latter subdivided into two further groups - the "Super Production" class (Group 2.1) and "Marathon" (Group 2.2). Competitors "Marathon" is not allowed to change key components such as engines (including engine case, cylinder and cylinder head), frame, fork or swing arm, while in "Super Production" and "Elite" classes may replace this component.
KTM has dominated the motorcycle class in recent years, although Honda, Yamaha, Sherco and Gas Gas are also competing today. BMW and Cagiva also enjoyed success in the past.
Quads
Prior to 2009, Thighs were part of the motorcycle category, but they were given their own separate classification in 2009 and designated as Group 3 in the current regulation. They are divided into two subgroups - Group 3.1, which has two-wheel drive quads with a single cylinder engine with a maximum capacity of 750cc, and Group 3.2, which allows four-wheel drive quads with a maximum engine capacity of 900cc, either single cylinder or twin layouts.
Yamaha have been unbeaten in the Quad category since 2009, with their mainstream opposition coming from Honda and Can-Am.
For 2017 an SSV category rally is added which is defined as a four-wheeled vehicle with a side with 1000 cc of maximum displacement.
Car
The car class consists of vehicles weighing less than 3,500 kg (7,716 pounds), which is divided into several categories. The T1 group consists of an "Improved Cross-Country Vehicle", divided by the type of machine (gasoline or diesel) and the type of propulsion (two wheel drive or four wheel drive). The T2 Group consists of "Cross Country Production Vehicles", which are divided into categories of gasoline and diesel, while T3 Group is for "Light Vehicles". There is also an "Open" category that caters to vehicles that comply with SCORE regulations.
Mini has become the most successful marque in the car category in recent years, thanks to the efforts of non-factory X-raid team, with limited involvement currently coming from Toyota, Ford and Haval. Some constructors also produce bespies bespoke for the event, especially SMG and Damen Jefferies.
Mitsubishi has historically been the most successful manufacturer in the class of cars, with Volkswagen, Citroen, Peugeot, and Porsche all having experienced success in the past with factory teams. Jean-Louis Schlesser also won this event twice with his buggy-backed Renault. The factory teams from Nissan and SEAT also won the stages, as did BMW, belonging to the X-raid team.
Truck
The Truck Class (T4 Group), first run as a separate category in 1980, consisted of vehicles weighing more than 3,500 kg (7,716 pounds). The participating trucks in the competition are divided into "Production Line" trucks (T4.1) and "Modified" (T4.2) trucks, while T4.3 trucks (formerly known as T5) are rally-supporting trucks - meaning they travel from bivouac to bivouac to support vehicle competition. It was introduced to the rally in 1998. The truck event did not run in 1989 after the vehicle was decided, at this stage with twin engines generating over 1000 horsepower, too dangerous after the death of a member of the DAF crew in an accident during the 1988 rally.
Kamaz has dominated the truck category since the turn of the century, despite mounting increasing pressure from rivals such as Iveco, MAN, Renault, and Tatra, who enjoyed much success in the 1990s. Hino, DAF, Perlini, and Mercedes-Benz also became one of the winners of the past. In the 21st century, Kamaz almost always won the truck class, winning fourteen of the eighteen times.
List of winners
Cars, bikes and trucks
Quant and Quantity Quads and UTV's
Sumber: "Dakar Retrospective 1979-2009" (PDF) . Situs web resmi serangan reli Dakar . Organisasi Olahraga Amaury. Diarsipkan dari yang asli (PDF) pada 14 Juni 2013 . Diperoleh 19 Juli 2013 .
Podium
Mobil
Bikes
Rekaman
Liputan televisi
Over 190 different countries took international feed from the event with a daily roundup made into a 26-minute program. It has been commented on by Toby Moody for ten years, and more recently Ben Constanduros.
Organizers provide 20 editing stations for different countries to create their own programs. There were four TV helicopters, six stage cameras, and three bivouac crew to make over 1,000 hours of TV over a two-week period. In the United States, coverage can be seen on the NBC Sports Network.
A 2006 television documentary Race to Dakar describes the experience of a team, including British actor Charley Boorman, in preparation and entry into the 2006 Dakar Rally.
Video Games
Incident
In 1982, Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, along with his fellow Frenchman, Anne-Charlotte Verney and their mechanic, disappeared for six days. On January 9th the trio became separated from the convoy of vehicles after they stopped to make corrections on the wrong wheel. They were declared missing on 12 January; After a large-scale search, the Lockheed L100 search plane from the Algerian military saw their Peugeot 504 white around 50 kilometers (31 mi) of course. Thatcher, Verney, and the mechanic were all unharmed.
Rally organizer Thierry Sabine was killed when his Ecureuil ("Squirrel-copter") helicopter crashed at 7:30 am. on Tuesday 14 January 1986, to a mound in Mali during a sudden sandstorm. Also killed on board were singer-songwriter Daniel Balavoine, helicopter pilot FranÃÆ'§ois-Xavier Bagnoud, journalist Nathalie Odent, and Jean-Paul Lefur who was a radiophonic engineer for RTL.
Six people died during the 1988 race, three participants and three local residents. In one incident, Baye Sibi, a 10-year-old Mali girl, was killed by a racer as he crossed the street. The film crew vehicle killed a mother and daughter in Mauritania on the last day of the race. The contestants, killed in three separate accidents, were a Dutch navigator on the DAF Truck team, a French officer, and a French rider. Drivers were also blamed for starting a fire that caused panic on trains between Dakar and Bamako, where three more people were killed.
In 2003, the Frenchman Daniel Nebot, both slid and crashed his Toyotani car at high speed, killing his partner Bruno Cauvy. In 2005, the Spanish motorcyclist José © © Manuel PÃÆ'Â © rez died in a Spanish hospital on Monday 10 January after an accident the previous week at the 7th stage. Italian motorcyclist Fabrizio Meoni, the two-time winner of the event, became the second Dakar Rally driver to die within two days, after PÃÆ'Â © rez on 11 January on stage 11. Meoni was the 11th motorist and the 45th man who was overall dead in the history of the race. On January 13, a five-year-old Senegalese girl was hit and killed by a service truck after roaming the main road, bringing her total death to five.
In 2006, Australian 41-year-old KTM motorcyclist Andy Caldecott, third in Dakar, died on January 9 as a result of a neck injury he suffered in an accident about 250 kilometers (160 miles) to stage 9, between Nouakchott and Kiffa, just a few kilometers (miles) from the location where Meoni had a fatal accident the previous year. He won the third stage of the 2006 show between Nador and Er Rachidia just days before his death. Deaths occur despite attempts by event organizers to improve competitors' safety, including speed limits, mandatory breaks in fuel stoppages, and reduced fuel capacity requirements for bicycle classes. On January 13, a 10-year-old boy died while crossing the field after being hit by a car driven by Latvian M'ruk Sauk's, while on January 14, a 12-year-old boy was killed after being hit by a supporter. truck.
In 2007, 29-year-old South African motorcycle racer Elmer Symons died of an injury he suffered in an accident in the fourth stage of the Rally. Symons falls on his bike in the desert between Er Rachidia and Ouarzazate, Morocco. Another death occurred on January 20, the night before the race was over, when 42-year-old motorcyclist Eric Aubijoux suddenly died. The cause of death was initially believed to be a heart attack, but it was later said that Aubijoux had died of a deep wound he suffered in an earlier accident that day while competing in the 14th stage of the race.
The 2008 Dakar rally was canceled due to security concerns after the al-Qaeda killing of four French tourists on Christmas Eve in December 2007 in Mauritania (a country where rallies lasted eight days), accusations against a rally calling it "neo-colonialist" al-Qaeda against Mauritania called it a supporter of "crusaders, apostates and infidels". France-based Amaury Sport organization responsible for a 6,000 km (3,700 mi) rally said in a statement that it had been advised by the French government to cancel the race, which starts on January 5, 2008 from Lisbon.. They say a direct threat has also been made to the event by al-Qaeda-linked organizations.
Omar Osama bin Laden, son of Osama bin Laden, withdrew news coverage in 2008 by promoting himself as a "peace ambassador" and proposed a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) horse race across North Africa in lieu of the Dakar Rally, with sponsorship money going to support the child "I heard the protest was stopped because of al-Qaida, I do not think they will stop me."
On January 7, 2009, the body of 49-year-old Pascal Terry motorcycle rider from France was discovered. He has been missing for three days and his body lies in a secluded part of the second stage between Santa Rosa de la Pampa and Puerto Madryn.
On January 4, 2010, a woman watching the Dakar Rally was killed when a vehicle participating in the race swerved off the pitch and hit it during the opening stages.
On January 1, 2012, motorcyclist Jorge Martinez Boero of Argentina died after suffering a heart attack after a fall. She was treated by medical staff within five minutes of the accident, but died on her way to the hospital.
On January 7, 2015, motorcyclist Michal Hernik died of unknown circumstances during Phase 3 of the 2015 rally.
Overall 70 people, including 28 competitors, were killed in the Dakar Rally.
Criticism
When the race was held in Africa, it was subjected to criticism from several sources, generally focusing on the impact of race on the inhabitants of the African countries in its path.
Some Africans throughout the course of the race in previous years said they saw limited returns from the race; that the contestants spend less money on goods and services that the locals can offer. Racers produce large amounts of dust along the way, and are blamed for beating and killing livestock, other than occasionally injuring or killing people.
After the 1988 race, when three Africans were killed in a collision with a vehicle involved in the race, PANA, a Dakar-based news agency, writes that the death was "insignificant to the [race] organizers". The Vatican City newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called the race "a rough look of power and wealth in places where men continue to die of starvation and thirst." During the 2002 protest at the start of the race in Arras, France, a French Green Party statement described the race as "colonialism that needs to be eradicated".
The environmental impact of race has become another area of ​​criticism. The criticism of this race is mainly the topic of the song " 500 unifying sur la ligne de dÃÆ' Â © section " ("500 Arseholes in the Beginning Line"), on the 1991 album Marchand de cailloux by French singer Renaud.
Gallery
See also
- Africa Eco Race - rally attack launched in 2009 in response to Dakar's move to South America
- Budapest-Bamako - Desert Rally
- Rallye des Pharaons
References
External links
- Official website (multilingual)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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