Government and private organizations have developed car classification schemes used for countless purposes including rules, descriptions and categorizations, among others. This article describes commonly used classification schemes around the world.
Video Car classification
Metode klasifikasi
Vehicles can be categorized in various ways. For example, by way of body style and "level of similarity in vehicle construction as defined by the number of doors and roof maintenance (eg, saloon, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats" that require seat belts to meet regulatory safety.
Regulatory bodies can also build vehicle classification systems to determine tax amounts. In the United Kingdom, vehicles are taxed according to construction, machinery, weight, type of fuel and vehicle emissions, as well as their intended use. Other jurisdictions may determine vehicle taxes based on environmental principles, such as the principle of paying users. In another example, certain cities in the United States in 1920 chose to exclude electric-powered vehicles because officials believed that the vehicle did not cause "major damage to the sidewalk".
Other standards for road vehicles of all types used internationally (except for Australia, India and the US) are ISO 3833-1977.
In the example of private companies, many car rental companies use the ACRISS Car Classification Code to describe vehicle sizes, types and equipment to ensure that rental agencies can match customer needs with available vehicles, regardless of the distance between the agent and the rental company or the spoken language by one party. In the United States, since 2010, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety uses the scheme it developed which takes into account the combination of both vehicle shadows (length of time) and weight.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States (NHTSA) separates vehicles into classes with heavy loads of vehicles with standard equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, refrigerant and air conditioning, if so.
The Federal Road Administration of the United States has developed a classification scheme used to calculate toll roads with automatic calculations. There are two major categories depending on whether the vehicle carries passengers or commodities. Vehicles carrying commodities are further divided by the number of axles and number of units, including power units and trailers.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed a classification scheme used to compare fuel economy among similar vehicles. Passenger vehicles are classified based on total passenger interior and vehicle cargo volume. Trucks are classified by their gross vehicle weight (GVWR) rating. Heavy duty vehicles are not included in the EPA scheme.
A set of similar classes is used by the Canadian EPA. The National Collision Database System of Canada (NCDB) defines "passenger cars" as a unique class, but also identifies two other categories involving passenger vehicles - "passenger vans" and "light utility vehicles" - and these categories are handled inconsistently in countries with the boundaries between vehicles are increasingly blurred.
In Australia, the Chamber of Commerce of the Automotive Industry publishes its own classification.
Maps Car classification
Vehicle classification system by size and usage worldwide
This is a summary table listing some vehicle classification methods.
Car economy
Microcar
Straddling the boundary between cars and motorcycles, this vehicle has engines under 1.0 liters, usually just sitting two passengers, and sometimes unconventional in construction. Some microcars are tricycles, while the majority have four wheels. Microcars were very popular in post-war Europe, where their appearance led them to be called "Bubble cars". Newer microcars are often electrically powered.
Contoh microcars:
- Isetta
- Smart Fortwo
- Tata Nano
Hatchback
Mobil Ultracompact
In 2012, Japan's Ministry of Transport and Tourism allows local governments to use ultracompact cars as transportation for residents and tourists in their limited areas. The size of the ultracompact car will be less than minicar, but it has engines larger than 50cc displacement and is capable of transporting 1 or 2 people. The ultracompact car can not use minicar standards, because of the strict security standards for minicars. Regulations on running capacity and safety performance of ultracompact cars will be published in early autumn. Currently, there is a smaller car than an ultracompact car, called a 1-category motor vehicle that has 50cc or less displacement and only one seat for the driver.
City car
City car is a small car intended for use in urban areas. Unlike mini cars, speed, capacity, and greater city car capabilities at least) safer passenger protection in diverse traffic environments and weather conditions. While city cars can reach highway speeds, that is not their intended purpose. In Japan, the city car is called a kei car. Kei car must meet the strict size and engine requirements: the machine has a maximum capacity of 660 cc and the length of the car must be below 3400 mm.
Contoh mobil kei:
- Daihatsu Pindah
- Honda Life
- Suzuki Cervo
Contoh mobil kota:
- Fiat Panda
- Maruti 800
- Mini (Original 1959 model)
Mobil kecil lainnya:
- Carver One
- CitroÃÆ' «n Tipe C
- Smith Flyer
Supermini/subkompak mobil
This class is known as a supermini in England, a subcompact in North America. Superminis have three, four or five doors, and even as a form of real estate. They are designed to fit four passengers comfortably. Currently supermini hatchbacks are around 3900 mm, while saloons and estate cars are about 4200 mm long. Currently (2013) sedan variants are generally not available in Europe and marketed at lower prices than hatchback models in North America.
In Europe, the first superminis were Fiat 500 in 1957 and Austin Mini in 1959. Superminis can be premium cars, like the CitroÃÆ'¡n DS3, named the 2010 Car of the Year by Top Gear Magazine. Superminis are some of the best-selling vehicles in Europe with 25% market share (2013). In 2007, Peugeot 207 has become the most sold car in Europe, while the best sellers are almost systematically compact cars from the compact segment.
In Australia, the automotive press tends to distinguish between light car bikes like Daihatsu Charade or Holden Barina's original model, and slightly larger models like the Ford Fiesta that is considered a small car. Since the size of public vehicles in this class has gradually increased, the light car category almost disappeared.
Contoh mobil superminis/subkompak:
- Opel Corsa
- Peugeot 208
- Volkswagen Polo
This category is equivalent to the "Superminis" EuroNCAP class.
Family car
Smaller splitters/compact cars
<Small family/compact car refers to hatchbacks and shortest saloons and estate cars of the same size. They are about 4,250 mm mm (167 in) long in terms of hatchback and 4,500 mm (177Ã, in) in the case of saloons and estate cars. The compact car has space for five adults and typically has engines between 1.4 and 2.2 liters, but some have engines up to 2.5 liters.
Examples of small family cars hatchback/compact car:
- Peugeot 308
- Toyota Auris
- Renault Megane
This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small Family Cars". In Australia, this class is commonly referred to as a small-medium car.
Large/mid-size family
Traditionally, mid-size cars are sedans, but recent cars like the CitroÃÆ'¡n DS5, which is a large hatchback family car, have introduced other body styles.
Saloons/sedans
Large/medium family
A class described as "big family" in Europe and "mid-size" in the US, these cars have space for five adults and a big boot (boot). The engine is stronger than a small family/compact car and a six-cylinder engine is more common than in smaller cars. Car size varies from region to region; in Europe, large family cars rarely over 4,700 mm (15.4 feet) in length, whereas in North America, the Middle East and Australasia they may be over 4,800 mm (15.7 feet).
Example of large family car/car medium size:
- Chevrolet Malibu
- Ford Mondeo
- Kia Optima
This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Large Family Car". It's known in Australia as a Medium car.
Full size/big
The term is most widely used in North America, the Middle East and Australia where it refers to the largest affordable sedan on the market. The full-size car can be over 4,900 mm (16.1 ft).
Contoh Mobile:
- Dodge Charger
- Ford Falcon
- Toyota Avalon
SUV Crossover
The crossover SUV comes from a car platform using a monocoque construction with light off-road capability and lower ground clearance than an SUV. They may be styled similar to conventional "off-roaders", or may look similar to an estate car or station wagon.
Contoh SUV crossover:
- Chevrolet Equinox
- Nissan Qashqai
- Tata Aria
Minivan/MPV
Also known as "people carriers", this class of cars combines a one-or two-box high-roof hatchback configuration with a solid, medium or large car, engine and mechanical platform; handling such as cars and fuel economy; unibody construction; front wheel or all-wheel drive and a greater altitude than a sedan or station wagon colleague. The design offers a higher h-point seating, two or three rows of seats, easy passenger and cargo access with wide open back doors and large rear doors, and reconfigurable interior volumes with recumbable seats, glide, falling, folding flat or allowing easy removal - allows users to prioritize passenger and cargo volumes.
Contoh MPV mini:
- CitroÃÆ' «n C3 Picasso
- Ford B-Max
- Nissan Note
Contoh MPV ringkas:
- Opel Zafira Tourer
- Peugeot 5008
- Renault Scà © nic
Both categories are equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small MPV".
Contoh MPV/minivan besar:
- Dodge Caravan
- Ford S-Max
- Mazda5
This category is equivalent to EuroNCAP "MPV" class.
Luxury vehicles
Executive summary
This is a luxury car that is equivalent to a medium-size and compact car. Back room seats and luggage space are smaller than executive cars only because of their smaller overall size.
Examples of compact premium cars/entry-level luxury cars:
- Audi A4
- BMW 3 Series
- Buick Regal
This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Large Family Car".
Executive/mid-luxury
This is the fancy equivalent for a full-size car. It also refers to the largest hatchback in the same length in this class, such as the Porsche Panamera.
Contoh mobil eksekutif/mobil mid-luxury:
- Peugeot 607
- Jaguar XF
- MG Magnette
This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP "Executive Car" class.
Full-size luxury/Grand saloon
Also known as full-size luxury cars, grand saloons, or premium big cars, while "Oberklasse" is used in Germany. Usually a four-door sedan (sedan). These are the most powerful saloons, with six, eight and twelve-cylinder engines and have more equipment than smaller models. Vehicles in this category include several models from the main line of luxury car brands, such as Cadillac CT6, Lincoln Town Car, and Maserati Quattroporte.
Contoh saloons besar:
- Audi A8
- Lexus LS
- BMW Seri 7
Gerai mobil/station wagon
station wagon (also known as estate or estate car ) is a car with a body style variant of a sedan/sedan with its roof extended backwards through passenger volume/cargo along with access at the back through the third or fifth door (lift or truck door), not the trunk lid. Body styles change the design of three standard boxes into two-box designs - to include pillars A, B, and C, as well as pillar D. Station wagons can flexibly reconfigure their interior volumes via folding rear seats to prioritize passenger or cargo volumes.
Contoh gerbong perkebunan/station:
- Hyundai i40 Tourer
- Jaguar XF Sportbrake
- Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake
Mobil sport
Hot menetas
A hot hatchback is a high-performance hatchback, based on supermini or small family car standards with improved performance, handling and styling. Hot hatching is very popular in Europe, where hatchbacks are the most common body style for this car's size. In North America, sports compacts are usually sold as saloons or coupà © rather than hatchbacks.
Contoh menetas panas:
- Volkswagen Golf GTi
- Peugeot 205 GTi
- Fiat 500 Abarth
Sedan olahraga/sedan sport
This is a high-performing version of saloons. Sometimes originally homologated for production-based motorsports (touring cars or rally cars) and like regular saloons, seats four or five people.
Contoh olahraga saloons/sedan:
- BMW M5
- Mazdaspeed6/Mazda 6 MPS
- Dodge Charger
Contoh sedan/sedan compact olahraga:
- Menghindar SRT-4
- Lotus Cortina
- Mitsubishi EVO
- Chevrolet Corvette
- Mazda MX-5
- Porsche 911
- Aston Martin V8
- Lexus SC300/400
- Ferrari 612 Scaglietti
- McLaren P1
- Koenigsegg Agera R
- Bugatti Veyron 16.4
- Ford Torino
- Plymouth Road Runner
- Pontiac GTO
- Ford Falcon
- Holden Monaro
- Valiant Charger
- AMC Javelin
- Chevrolet Camaro
- Dodge Challenger
- Mazda MX-5
- Honda S2000
- Volvo C70
- Land Rover Freelander
- Jeep Patriot
- Toyota FJ Cruiser
- Land Rover Discovery
- Mitsubishi Pajero
- Mahindra Scorpio
- Dodge Ram Van
- Ford E-Series
- GMC Savana
- Ford Transit
- Volkswagen Transporter
- Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
- BarchettaÃ,
- Italian term for a roofless roadster. The name, roughly "small boat", comes from a call when the 166 MM Touring Ferrari is shown.
- BerlinaÃ,
- Italian term for sedan.
- BerlineÃ,
- The French term for the sedan.
- BerlinettaÃ,
- The Italian term for sports coupà ©.
- Break
- French term for station wagon.
- CamionetaÃ,
- Brazilian Portuguese term for station wagon (especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro). The Spanish term is also used in Argentina and Uruguay.
- CarrinhaÃ,
- Portuguese term for station wagon. Not used in Brazilian Portuguese.
- EspadaÃ,
- Portuguese nickname for limousine (same word for Sword - long metal pieces). Not used in Brazilian Portuguese.
- FurgonetaÃ,
- The Spanish and Polish terms for van, in the latter language are almost always used in their small form furgonetka .
- FurgÃÆ' Â £ oÃ,
- Portuguese alternative term (less used) for van. Used in Brazilian Portuguese, most often for van but sometimes for variant van passenger car panels.
- KombiÃ,
- is the German abbreviation "Kombinationswagen" (Combination Car) and it is the German name for the station wagon. Since Germany is a major producer of cars for many European countries, the term Kombi in this sense is also used in Swedish, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Hungarian, Spanish, Portuguese, Bulgarian.
- Perua
- The Brazilian Portuguese term either designates a van (especially as it is pronounced in the city of SÃÆ'Â £ o Paulo) or station wagon (in the city of Rio de Janeiro).
- TurismoÃ,
- The Spanish term for the sedan. Literally meaning tourism, used mainly in Latin American and Spanish countries.
- IjapaÃ,
- Yoruba term for two-door car. Modeled literally after Tortoise animals. Also refers to the Volkswagen Beetle.
- VagonetaÃ,
- Spanish Bolivian term for station wagon (with o without SUV capability).
- ACRISS Car Classification Code
- Car color
- Car security and road safety
- Production vehicles
- Tricycle
- Truck classification
- Vehicle category
- Class of vehicle size
- EuroNCAP classification (unexplained)
Mobile Sports
The term "sports car" does not seem to have a clear definition. This is usually used to describe vehicles that prioritize acceleration and handling; However, some people claim it is also defined as a vehicle with two seats The sports car (sports car or sports car) is a small car, usually two seats, two doors designed for vigorous performance and agile handling. The sports car may be simple or luxurious but high maneuverability and minimum weight are required.
Contoh mobile sports:
Bigger, more powerful and heavier than a sports car, this vehicle usually has a FR layout and seating for four passengers (2 2). It's more expensive than a sports car but not as expensive as a supercar. Grand Tourers include luxury and high performance. Some grand tourers built hands.
Convert to:
supercar
Supercar is a term commonly used for ultra-high-end exotic cars, whose performance is higher than its contemporaries. The exact adoption of the term is subjective and debatable, especially among fans.
Contoh supercar:
Otot mobil
The term muscle car generally refers to a mid-size mid-drive car with a powerful V8 engine, usually produced in the US. Some definitions restrict two-door vehicles; However, others include a four-door body style version. Despite varying opinions, it is generally accepted that classic muscle cars were produced in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Muscle cars are also produced in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries.
Examples of American muscle cars from the 1960s and 1970s:
Contoh mobil otot Australia:
Mobil Pony
The pony car is a class of American Muscle cars that were launched and inspired by the Ford Mustang in 1964. This car depicts an affordable, compact, very stylish car with a sporty or performance-oriented image.
Contoh mobil kuda:
Convertible
The body design has a flexible operating roof for open or closed driving modes. Also known as cabriolet or roadster (if 2-seater). Historically, convertibles use a folding roof structure with fabric or other flexible materials. Some designs have roofs made of metal or other rigid materials that pull into the body.
Contoh-contoh cabriolet:
Off-roader
Off-road vehicles, or "off-roaders" are sometimes referred to as "four-wheel drive", "four by fours", or 4x4 - this can happen in ordinary language in cases where a particular model or even the entire range does not have four wheel drive.
Sport utility vehicle
Sport utility vehicle is an off-road vehicle with four wheel drive and real off-road capability. They most often feature high ground clearance and an upright, box-shaped body design. Sport Utilities is usually defined by the construction of a body on frame that offers more off-road capability but reduces ride-on-road comfort and handling compared to cross-over utility vehicles or cars.
Contoh SUV kompak:
This category is equivalent to the EuroNCAP class "Small Off-Roaders".
Contoh SUV:
This category is equivalent to the "Great Off-Roader" EuroNCAP class.
Commercial vehicles
Van
In some countries, the term "van" may refer to a small van panel based on the design of a passenger car (often an estate/station wagon model); It also refers to light trucks, which are sometimes based on SUVs or MPVs. (But note that those who retain chairs and windows, while being larger and more useful than MPVs, can be called "minibuses".) The term is also used in the term "camper van" (or simply "camper") - the equivalent of recreational vehicles North America (RV).
In the United States, the term "van" refers to vehicles that, like European minibuses, are even larger than large MPVs and rarely seen to be driven for domestic purposes - except for "conversion vans". It has a very large interior space and is often more aimed at transporting cargo than people. Most vans use body-on-frame construction and are therefore suitable for extensive modification and hard work, known as conversions. Conversion vans are often quite luxurious, offering comfortable seats, soft rides, built-in support for electronic devices such as televisions, and other facilities. More complex conversion vans straddle the line between cars and recreational vehicles.
Examples of "van" North America:
Contoh "van" Eropa:
Some non-English speaking terms are familiar from their use in imported vehicles in English-speaking countries even though the term has not been adopted into English.
In Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Slovenia kombi refers to a van. In Afrikaans and in Australia, Kombi is also used to refer to Microbus Volkswagen. In Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay the special word refers to VW Microbus.
See also
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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