Material handling equipment is a mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal processes. Different types of handling equipment can be classified into four main categories: transport equipment, positioning equipment, unit load generation equipment, and storage equipment.
Video Material-handling equipment
Transportation equipment
Transport equipment is used to move materials from one location to another (for example, between workplaces, between loading docks and storage areas, etc.), while the positioning equipment is used to manipulate the material in one location. The main subcategories of transportation equipment are industrial conveyors, cranes and trucks. The material can also be transported manually without using equipment.
Conveyors
The conveyor is used when the material will be frequently transferred between certain points through fixed lines and when there is sufficient flow volume to justify the fixed conveyor investment. Different types of conveyors may be characterized by the type of product being handled: unit load or bulk load ; the location of the conveyor: on the floor , on the floor , or above , and whether the load can accumulate on the conveyor. Accumulation allows intermittent movement of each unit of material transported along the conveyor, while all units move simultaneously on the conveyor without any accumulated capability. For example, while flat rollers and belts are unit-loaded on-floor conveyors, the roller provides accumulated capability while the flat belt is not; similarly, both electric and free electric and trolley are load-unit, power-free, overhead conveyors designed to include additional tracks to provide less accumulated capability in trolley conveyors. Examples of bulk handling conveyors include magnetic belts, belt through, buckets, and screw conveyors. The sorting conveyor system is used to combine, identify, induce, and separate the product to be delivered to a particular destination, and usually consists of flat belt segments, rollers, and chute conveyors along with various moving arms and/or pop-up and chain wheels that deflect , encourage, or withdraw products to various destinations.
Crane
Cranes are used to carry loads through variable (horizontal and vertical) channels within a limited area and when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume so that the use of conveyors can not be justified. Cranes provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors because the loads handled can be more variable with respect to shape and weight. Cranes provide less flexibility in movement than industrial trucks because they can only operate in restricted areas, although some may operate on a portable basis. Most cranes use trolley-and-tracks for horizontal movement and hoists for vertical movement, although manipulators can be used if proper positioning of the load is required. The most common cranes include jib, bridge, gantry, and stacking crane.
Industrial industrial trends
Industrial trucks are trucks without license to travel on public roads ( commercial trucks licensed to travel on public roads). Industrial trucks are used to move materials across variable lines and when the flow volume is insufficient (or intermittent) so that the use of conveyors can not be justified. They provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and cranes because there are no restrictions on the area covered, and they provide vertical movement if the truck has a lifting ability. Different types of industrial trucks can be characterized by whether they have a fork for the handling pallet, provide powered or require manual to lift and travel capabilities, allow operators to ride on a truck or require operators to walk with trucks while traveling, provide piling load capabilities , and whether or not they can operate in the aisles narrow .
Hand trucks (including trains and dolls), the simplest type of industrial truck, can not transport or stack pallets, are not powered, and require operators to run. The pallet socket, which can not accumulate pallets, uses a front wheel mounted at the end of the fork that extends to the floor because the palette is simply raised enough to clear the floor for the next ride. The offset lifter truck (sometimes referred to as a forklift truck, but other attachments other than a fork can be used) can transport and stack the pallets and allow the operator to board the truck. The weight of the vehicle (and operator) behind the front wheel of the truck offset the weight of the load (and the weight of the vehicle outside the front wheel); the front wheel acts as a fulcrum or pivot. The narrow alley trucks usually require the operator to stand while riding to reduce the radius of turning the truck. The outstretched and outstretric outstrength and outstrength mechanisms can be used in addition to the truck balancer only. In a turret truck, the fork rotates while piling up, so there's no need for the truck itself to enter the narrow alley. The order selector allows the operator to be loaded with loads to allow loading with loads of less than one pallet. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are industrial trucks that can carry cargo without the need for human operators.
Maps Material-handling equipment
Positioning tool
The positioning equipment is used to handle materials at one location. It can be used in the workplace to feed, orient, load/unload, or manipulate the material so that it is in the correct position for next handling, machining, transportation, or storage. Compared with manual handling, the use of positioning equipment can increase the productivity of each worker when the frequency of handling is high, improving product quality and limiting damage to materials and equipment when items are handled heavily or awkwardly to hold and possible damage through human error or lack of attention and can reduce fatigue and injury when the environment is dangerous or inaccessible. In many cases, positioning equipment is required for and justified by the ergonomic requirements of a task. Examples of positioning equipment include lift/tilt/swivel tables, hoists, balancers, manipulators, and industrial robots. The manipulator acts as a "muscle multiplier" by offsetting the weight of the load so the operator only lifts a small portion (1%) of the load load, and they fill the gap between the hoist and the industrial robot: they can be used more widely. various job positions from hoists and more flexible than industrial robots due to the use of manual controls. They can be manually, electrically or pneumatically activated, and the end-effector manipulator can be equipped with mechanical grippers, vacuum grippers, electromechanical grippers, or other tools.
Unit load loading
The unit load generation equipment is used to limit the material so that they maintain their integrity when handling one load during transport and storage. If the material holds itself (for example, single or interconnected parts), then they can be formed into units without equipment. Examples of unit loading equipment include pallets, skids, slipsheets, tote pans, baskets/cartons, cartons, bags, and crates. The palette is a platform made of wood (most commonly), paper, plastic, rubber, or metal with sufficient permission below the top surface (or face) to allow fork insertion for subsequent lifting purposes. The slipsheet is a thick piece of paper, corrugated fiber, or load-bearing plastic and has tabs that can be attached by a special pickup/lift attachment. They are used instead of pallets to reduce weight and volume, but loading/unloading is slower.
Storage tools
Storage equipment is used to store or buffer material for a period of time. The design of each type of storage equipment, together with its use in warehouse design, is a trade-off between minimizing handling costs, by making materials accessible, and maximizing space utilization (or cubes). If the material is stacked directly on the floor, then no storage equipment is required, but on average, every different item in the storage will have a stack only half full; to improve the utilization of the cube, storage racks can be used to allow multiple piles of different items to occupy the same floor space at different levels. The use of shelves is better than floor storage because the number of units per item requiring reduced storage. Similarly, the depth at which the unit of stored goods affects the cube utilization in proportion to the number of units per item requiring storage.
Pallets can be stored using single and double racks when the number of units per small item, while pallet-flow and push-back racks are used when units per item are mid-range, and floor-storage or drive-on shelves are used when the number of units per large item , with drive-in providing support for pallet loads that can not be stacked on top of each other. Individual cartons can be loaded from the pallet load or can be stored in carton-flow shelves, designed to allow first in, first out (FIFO) cardboard access. For storage of individual parts, shelf bin, storage drawer, carousel, and A-frame can be used. Automatic storage/retrieval system (AS/RS) is an integrated computer-controlled storage system that combines storage media, transport mechanisms and controls with different levels of automation for random and fast storage of products and materials.
See also
- Material handling
- Caster
- Conveyor system
- Belt conveyor
- Crane (machine)
- Forklift truck
- Automated guided vehicle
- Pallet
- Slip sheet
- Industrial robots
- Electrical pathway system
- Pallet racking
- Automated storage and retrieval system
- Bulk material handling
- Warehouse
Note
References
- Chu, H.K., Egbelu, P.J., and Wu, C.T., 1995, "ADVISOR: The system of selecting computer-assisted material handling equipment", Int. J. Prod. Res. , 33 (12): 3311-3329.
- Kay, M.G., 2012, Material Handling Equipment, Retrieved 2014-10-02.
- Kulwiec, R.A., Ed., 1985, Handling Handbook Material , Issue 2, New York: Wiley.
- Mulcahy, D.E., 1999, Handling Handbook Material , New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Tompkins, J.A., White, J.A., Bozer, Y.A., and Tanchoco, J.M.A., 2003, Facility Planning , 3rd Edition, Wiley, Appendix 5.B.
External links
- Higher Education Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE)
- Material Handling European Federation
- Industrial Trucking Association
- Association of Material Handling Distributors
- Material Handling Material Taxonomy
- Material Handling Industry
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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