Knoxville is a city in the state of Tennessee, USA, and county district in Knox County. The city has an estimated population of 186,239 in 2016 and a population of 178,874 at the 2010 census, making it the country's third largest city after Nashville and Memphis. Knoxville is the main city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area, which, by 2016, is 868,546, up 0.9 percent, or 7,377 people, from up to 2015. KMSA is, in turn, a major component of the Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette Statistical Area Combined, which in 2013, has a population of 1,096,961.
First completed in 1786, Knoxville was Tennessee's first capital. The city struggled with geographical isolation throughout the early 19th century. The arrival of a train in 1855 caused an economic boom. During the Civil War, the city was divided by the issue of secession, and was occupied alternately by Confederate and Union forces. After the war, Knoxville grew rapidly as a large wholesale and manufacturing center. The city economy was stagnant after the 1920s when the manufacturing sector collapsed, the downtown area declined and the city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights. Hosting 1982 World Fair helps revive the city, and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had great success in spurring growth in cities, especially downtown areas.
Knoxville is home to the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports team, called "Volunteers" or "Vols," is popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the Tennessee Valley Authority headquarters, Tennessee Supreme Court courts for East Tennessee and corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the Appalachian region, Knoxville has positioned itself in recent years as an Appalachian cultural shed and is one of the gateways to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Video Knoxville, Tennessee
Histori
Sejarah awal
The first people to form a substantial settlement in what is now Knoxville arrived during the Woodland period (c 1000u, B.C. -A.D 1000). One of the oldest artificial structures in Knoxville is a burial mound built during the early Mississippian cultural period (c.A.D. 1000-1400). The mound of land is now surrounded by the University of Tennessee campus. Other prehistoric sites include the early Woodland dwellings at the Tennessee River and Knob Creek encounters (near the Knox-Blount county line), and the Dallas Phase Mississippian village on Post Oak Island (also along the river near the Knox-Blount line), and on Bussell Island (at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River near Lenoir City).
In the 18th century, the Cherokee family had become the dominant tribe in the East Tennessee region, although they consistently fought with the River and Shawnee. The Cherokee people call the Knoxville kuwanda'talun'yi area, which means "Mulberry Place." Most Cherokee residences in the area are concentrated in Overhill settlements along Little Tennessee River, southwest of Knoxville.
The first white traders and explorers were recorded when arriving in the Tennessee Valley at the end of the 17th century, despite significant evidence that Hernando de Soto visited Bussell Island in 1540. The first recorded Euro-American presence in the Knoxville area was Timberlake Expedition, Holston and French Broad to the Tennessee River in December 1761. Henry Timberlake, who was on his way to the Overhill settlement along the Little Tennessee River, recalled being shocked by the deep waters in Tennessee after struggling in a relatively shallow Holston for several weeks.
Settlement
The end of War and Confusion France and India caused by the American Revolution caused a drastic increase in the European-American settlement west of the Appalachian. In the 1780s, whites were already established in the valleys of Holston and French Broad. The US Congress ordered all illegal settlers out of the valley in 1785, but with little success. As settlers continued to trickle into Cherokee ground, tensions between the settlers and the Cherokee family continued to rise.
In 1786, James White, a Revolutionary War officer, and his friend James Connor built the White Fort near the mouth of First Creek, in which the White land had bought three years earlier. In 1790, White's son-in-law, Charles McClung - who arrived from Pennsylvania the previous year - surveyed White's ownership between First Creek and Second Creek for the formation of a town. McClung compiled 64 0,5-acre (0.20 ha) many. The shoreline is set aside for the usual city. Two lots are set aside for a church and a grave (First Presbyterian Church, founded 1792). Four lots are set aside for school. The school was eventually hired as Blount College and it served as a starting point for the University of Tennessee, which used the date of the founding of Blount College in 1794, as his own. Also in 1790, President George Washington appointed North Carolina Governor, Governor William Blount, Southern Region of the newly formed Ohio River.
One of Blount's first tasks was to meet the Cherokee and set boundaries and settle the problem of illegal settlers. This he achieved almost immediately with the Holston Treaty, which was negotiated and signed at the White Fort in 1791. Blount originally wanted to locate the territorial capital at the confluence of the Clinch and Tennessee Rivers (now Kingston), but when Cherokee refused to surrender this land, Blount chose White's Fort, which McClung had surveyed the previous year. Blount named the new capital of Knoxville after the General of the Revolutionary War and Secretary of War Henry Knox, who at the time was Blount's immediate superior.
The immediate problem arises from the Holston Treaty. Blount believes that he has "bought" much of what is now called East Tennessee when the treaty was signed in 1791. However, the terms of the treaty are under dispute, culminating in continuing violence on both sides. When the government invited the Cherokee chief, Hang Maw for negotiations in 1793, the Knoxville settlers attacked Cherokee on orders, killing the chief chieftain. Peace was renegotiated in 1794.
era Antebellum
Knoxville served as the capital of the Southwest Region and as the capital of Tennessee (recognized as a state in 1796) until 1817, when the capital was moved to Murfreesboro. Early Knoxville has been described as "a river city alternately lonely and rowdy." Initial problems from Knoxville Gazette - the first newspaper published in Tennessee - were filled with reports of unfriendly murder, theft, and Cherokee attacks. Abishai Thomas, a friend of William Blount, visited Knoxville in 1794 and wrote that, when he was impressed by the city's modern buildings, it had "seven taverns" and no church.
Knoxville originally developed as a road station for travelers and migrants headed west. Its location at the confluence of three major rivers in Tennessee Valley brought flats and steamboat traffic to its banks in the first half of the 19th century, and Knoxville quickly developed into a regional merchandising center. Local agricultural products - mainly tobacco, maize, and whiskey - are traded for cotton, grown in Deep South. The Knoxville population more than doubled in the 1850s with the arrival of East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad in 1855.
Among the most prominent citizens in Knoxville during the prewar years were James White's son, Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840). The first White served as a state judge and senator, before being nominated by state legislature to replace Andrew Jackson in the US Senate in 1825. In 1836, White failed to succeed for the presidency, representing the Whig Party.
American Civil War
Anti-slavery and anti-secession sentiments soared in East Tennessee in the years leading up to the American Civil War. William "Parson" Brownlow, the radical publisher of Knoxville Whig, is one of the region's leading anti-separatist figures (though he strongly defends the practice of slavery). Blount County, just south of Knoxville, has grown into a center of abolitionist activity, in part because of the relatively large Quaker faction and Maryville College's anti-slavery president Isaac Anderson. The Greater Warner Tabernacle of AME Zion Church, Knoxville reportedly stations on the subway.
The business interests, however, were largely guided by Knoxville's trade connections with cotton nursery centers in the south, contributing to the development of a strong pro-secession movement within the city. Pro-separatist pro-cities are among their ranks. J.G.M. Ramsey, a prominent historian whose father had built Ramsey's House in 1797.
So while East Tennessee and the greater Knox County decided firmly against secession in 1861, the city of Knoxville chose to break away by 2-1. In late May 1861, just before the election, the delegation from the East Tennessee Convention met at Temperance Hall in Knoxville in the hope of defending Tennessee at the Union. After Tennessee decided to split up in June, the meeting met in Greeneville and sought to create a separate Union Union state in East Tennessee.
In July 1861, after Tennessee joined the Confederacy, General Felix Zollicoffer arrived in Knoxville as commander of the Eastern Tennessee District. Despite initially being soft against the Union's sympathizers, Zollicoffer imposed martial law in November, after pro-Union guerrillas burned seven city bridges. The district command was briefly briefed to George Crittenden and then to Kirby Smith, who launched a failed invasion of Kentucky in August 1862. In early 1863, General Simon Buckner took command of the Confederate forces in Knoxville. Anticipating the Union invasion, Buckner fortified Fort Loudon (in West Knoxville, not to be confused with colonial fortifications to the southwest) and began building land work throughout the city. However, a stronger Union force approach under Ambrose Burnside in the summer of 1863 forced Buckner to evacuate Knoxville before the ground work was completed.
Burnside arrived in early September 1863. Like the Confederacy, he immediately began fortifying the city. Union troops rebuilt Fort Loudon and erected 12 forts and other batteries flanked by graves around the city. Burnside moved the pontoon bridge upstream from Loudon, allowing Union forces to cross the river and build a series of strongholds along the height of South Knoxville, including Fort Stanley and Fort Dickerson.
When Burnside strengthens Knoxville, Confederate forces defeat Union forces at the Battle of Chickamauga (near the Tennessee-Georgia line) and besiege Chattanooga. On November 3, 1863, the Confederate sent General James Longstreet to attack Burnside in Knoxville. Longstreet wanted to attack the city from the south, but did not have the necessary pontoon bridge, he was forced to cross the river further downstream at Loudon (14 November) and marched against the western part of the heavily guarded city. On November 15, General Joseph Wheeler failed to try to expel Union forces at the height of South Knoxville, and the next day Longstreet failed to break the retreating Union forces at Campbell's Station (now Farragut). On November 18th, Union General William P. Sanders was seriously injured while delaying maneuvers west of Knoxville, and Fort Loudon was renamed Fort Sanders in his honor. On November 29, after a two-week siege, the Confederate attacked Fort Sanders, but failed after a hefty 20-minute dispute. On December 4, after the Confederate word setback in Chattanooga reached Longstreet, he abandoned his attempts to capture Knoxville and go to winterhouses in Russellville. He rejoined the Northern Virginia Army in the following Spring.
Reconstruction and Industrial Age
After the war, northern investors like brother Joseph and David Richards helped Knoxville recover relatively quickly. Joseph and David Richards convinced 104 Welsh immigrant families to migrate from the Welsh Tract in Pennsylvania to work in a mill mill later owned by Thomas Walker. These Welsh families settled in what is now known as Mechanicsville. The Richards brothers also established Knoxville Iron Works in addition to L & amp; N Railroad, also hired Welsh workers. Later, the site was used as the basis for the 1982 World Expo.
Other companies that emerged during this period were Knoxville Woolen Mills, Dixie Cement, and Woodruff's Furniture. Between 1880 and 1887, 97 factories were established in Knoxville, most of them specializing in textiles, food products, and iron products. In 1890, Knoxville was home to more than 50 wholesale homes, making it the third largest wholesale center by volume in the South. The Candoro Marble Works, founded in the Vestal community in 1914, became a producer of pink marble and one of the largest marble importers in the country. In 1896, Knoxville celebrated his achievement by creating his own flag. The Knoxville, Tennessee flag represents the city's progressive growth due to agriculture and industry.
In 1869, Thomas Humes, a Union sympathizer and president of East Tennessee University, obtained wartime federal restitution funds, and funded the state-appointed Morrill Act to expand the campus, which had been occupied by both armies during the war. In 1879, the school changed its name to the University of Tennessee, hoping to get more funding from the Tennessee state legislature. Charles Dabney, who became university president in 1887, overhauled the faculty and founded a law school in an effort to modernize the university's scope.
The post-war production boom brought thousands of immigrants to the city. The Knoxville population grew from about 5,000 in 1860 to 32,637 in 1900. West Knoxville was annexed in 1897, and more than 5,000 new homes were built between 1895 and 1904.
In 1901, train robber Kid Curry (whose real name is Harvey Logan), a member of Wild Bunch Butch Cassidy was arrested after shooting two deputies on Central Avenue Knoxville. He escaped from Knoxville Prison and rode a horse stolen from the sheriff.
The Progressive Era and the Great Depression
The town flourished from Knoxville host the Appalachian Exhibition in 1910 and again in 1911, and the National Conservation Exhibition in 1913. The latter is sometimes credited with giving rise to a movement to create a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains, about 20 miles (32a km) south of Knoxville. Around this time, a number of prosperous Knoxvillians began buying summer cottages at Elkmont, and began to pursue the idea of ​​a harder garden. They are led by Knoxville businessman Colonel David C. Chapman, who, as head of the Great Smoky Mountains Park Commission, is largely responsible for raising funds for the purchase of properties that are at the core of the park. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park opened in 1933.
Knoxville's dependence on the manufacturing economy makes it particularly vulnerable to the effects of the Great Depression. The Tennessee Valley is also often flooded, and millions of hectares of agricultural land have been destroyed by soil erosion. To control the flood and improve the economy in Tennessee Valley, the federal government created the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933. Starting with Norris Dam, TVA built a series of hydroelectric and other power plants across the valley over the next few decades, bringing flood control, work and electricity to the region. The Federal Works Projects Administration, which also arrived in the 1930s, helped build McGhee-Tyson Airport and expanded Neyland Stadium. The TVA headquarters, made up of two twin buildings built in the 1970s, are among the first modern high-rise buildings in Knoxville.
In 1948, Mountain Dew soft drinks were first marketed in Knoxville, originally designed as a mixer for whiskey. Around the same time, John Gunther was nicknamed Knoxville as "the ugliest city" in America in his best-selling book In the United States Gunther's description rocked the city to impose a series of beauty measures that helped improve the performance of the Central Region city.
Modern day
Knoxville's textile and manufacturing industries largely fell victim to foreign competition in the 1950s and 1960s, and after the establishment of the Interstate Highway system in the 1960s, the railroads - largely responsible for the growth of the Knoxville industry - began to decline. The emergence of suburban shopping centers in the 1970s attracted retail revenue away from the Downtown Knoxville area. While government employment and economic diversification prevented widespread unemployment in Knoxville, the city sought to recover a huge loss of revenue by trying to annex a neighboring community in Knox County. These annexing efforts often turn aggressive, and several attempts to merge Knoxville and Knox County governments failed even though the school board merged on 1 July 1987.
With stalled annexation efforts, Knoxville embarked on several projects aimed at increasing revenue in the Downtown area. The 1982 World Fair - the most successful of these projects - became one of the world's most popular exhibits in US history with 11 million visitors. The fair energy theme was chosen because Knoxville became the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority and for the city's proximity to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Sunsphere, a 266-foot (85 m) steel frame structure topped with gold-colored globes, was built for the exhibition and remains one of Knoxville's most prominent structures, along with the adjacent Tennessee Amphitheater undergoing renovations that have been completed. in 2008.
Since then, downtown Knoxville has grown, with the opening of Women's Basketball Hall of Fame and the Knoxville Convention Center, the redevelopment of Market Square, a new visitor center, a regional history museum, the Regal Cinemas theater, several restaurants and bars, and many new and built condos back. Since 2000, Knoxville has managed to bring the business back to the city center. Art in particular began to develop; there are several venues for outdoor concerts, and Gay St. has a new pavilion and art gallery surrounded by many new studios and businesses as well. The Tennessee and Bijou theaters are undergoing renovations, providing a good base for the city and its developers to rebuild the old city center, and they have managed to achieve the revitalization of this once large Tennessee section.
Maps Knoxville, Tennessee
Geography
Topography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​104.2 square miles (269.8 km 2 ), which is 98.5 square miles (255.2 km 2 ) is ground and 5.6 square miles (14.6 km 2 ), or 5.42%, is water. The altitude ranges from over 800 feet (240 m) along the river bank to over 1,000 feet (300 m) on hilltops in West Knoxville, with the downtown area resting at more than 900 feet (270 m). The high points include Sharp's Ridge in North Knoxville at 1,391 feet (424Ã, m) and Brown Mountain in South Knoxville at 1,260 feet (380 m). House Mountain, the highest point in Knox County at 2,064 feet (629 m), is located east of the city near Mascot.
Knoxville is located in the Great Appalachian Valley (known locally as the Tennessee Valley), about halfway between the Great Smoky Mountains in the east and Cumberland Plateau to the west. The Great Valley is part of a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains known as Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley, which is characterized by long, narrow mountains, flanked by vast valleys. The prominent Ridge-and-Valley structures in the Knoxville area include the Sharp Ridge and Beaver Ridge in the north of the city, Brown Mountain in South Knoxville, part of Bays Mountain just south of the city, and part of McAnnally Ridge in the northeast part of the city.
The Tennessee River, which cuts down the downtown area, was formed in southeastern Knoxville at the Holston River meeting, which flows southwest from Virginia, and the French Broad River, which flows west from North Carolina. Part of the Tennessee River that passes through Knoxville is part of Fort Loudoun Lake, an artificial reservoir created by the Fort Loudoun TVA Dam about 30 miles (48 km) downstream at Lenoir City. The important creeks from Tennessee in Knoxville include First Creek and Second Creek, which runs through downtown, Third Creek, which flows west of U.T., and Sinking Creek, Ten Mile Creek and Turkey Creek, which dries West Knoxville.
Climate
Knoxville falls in the humid subtropical climate zone (Climatic classification KÃÆ'¶ppen Cfa ), though it is not quite as hot as areas in the south and west due to higher altitudes. Summer is the hottest time of the year, with daily average temperatures in July at 78.4 ° F (25.8 ° C), and an average of 36 days per year with temperatures up to 90 ° F (32 Â ° C). Winter is generally much cooler and less stable, with occasional small amounts of snow. January has a daily average temperature of 38.2 Â ° F (3.4 Â ° C), although in most years there is at least one day (average 5.3) where the height remains at or below freezing. The highest record for Knoxville was 105 Â ° F (41 Â ° C) on June 30 and July 1, 2012, while the record low was -24 Â ° F (-31 Â ° C) on Jan. 21, 1985. The average annual precipitation is only below 48 in (1,220 mm), and normal seasonal snowfall is 6.5 inches (17 cm); However, there is usually no snow outside of January and February. The one-day record for snowfall is 17.5 inches (44 cm), which occurred on 13 February 1960.
Metropolitan Region
Knoxville is a central city in the Knoxville Metropolitan Region, a metropolitan area of ​​statistics administered by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) covering the territory of Knox, Anderson, Blount, Campbell, Grainger, Loudon, Morgan, Roane and Union. MSA consists of a core city center and remote communities and rural areas that maintain close economic ties. They are not administrative divisions, and should not be equated with consolidated city governments, which lack Knoxville and Knox County.
The Knoxville Metropolitan Area includes unrelated communities like Halls Crossroads, Powell, Karns, Corryton, Concord, and Mascot, located in Knox County just outside the city limits of Knoxville. Along with Knoxville, major cities in the Knoxville Metropolitan Region include Alcoa, Maryville, Lenoir City, Loudon, Farragut, Oak Ridge, Clinton, and Maynardville. By 2012, the population of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area is 837,571.
In addition, the Knoxville MSA is a major component of the jointly controlled OBM-Specified Emblem of the Statistics-Compiled Statistics (CSA) area of ​​Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette. The CSA also includes the Metropolitan Metropolitan Area of ​​Morristown (Hamblen, Grainger, and Jefferson County) and Sevierville (Sevier County), La Follette (Campbell County), Harriman (Roane County), and Newport Metropolitan Statistical Area (Cocke County). Cities in the CSA, but not Knoxville MSA, including Morristown, Rutledge, Dandridge, Jefferson City, Sevierville, Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge, LaFollette, Jacksboro, Harriman, Kingston, Rockwood, and Newport. CSA's combined population in the 2000 Census was 935,659. It is estimated that the 2008 population is 1,041,955.
Georgia Tech researchers have mapped the Knoxville MSA as one of the 18 'Big Cities' in the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion.
Cityscape
Architecture
The two highest buildings of Knoxville are the 27s First Tennessee Plaza and 24-Story Riverview Tower, both on Gay Street. Other well-known high-ends include Tower on Morgan Hill (21 floors), Andrew Johnson Building (18), Hilton Knoxville (18), Public House (15), Holston (14), TVA Tower (12), and Sterchi Lofts ). The most iconic city structure is arguably the Sunsphere, 266 feet (81 m) steel truss tower built for the 1982 World Exposition and, with Tennessee Amphitheater, one of only two remaining structures of the World's Fair.
The downtown area contains a mixture of architectural styles from various periods, ranging from the white wooden beams of James House (1786) to the modern Knoxville Museum of Art (1990). The styles represented include the Greek Revival (Victoria's Old Town Hall), Victoria (St. Oliver Hotel and Saloon Sullivan), Gothic (Church Street Methodist and Ayres Hall), Neoclassic (First Baptist Church), and Art Deco (Knoxville Post Office). Gay Street, Market Square, and Jackson Avenue contain many examples of late 19th century and early 20th century commercial architecture.
Residential architecture tends to reflect the development of the city for two centuries. Blount Mansion (1791), in the oldest part of town, is designed in a vernacular Georgian style. "Suburbs" such as Fourth and Gill, Parkridge, and Fort Sanders, developed in the late 19th century with the appearance of trolleys, tend to contain many Victorian-style homes and popular Bungalow/Craftsman during this period. Early suburbs, such as Lindbergh Forest and Sequoyah Hills, contained late 1920s and 1930s styles such as Tudor Revival, English Cottage and Mission Revival. The environment developed after World War II usually consists of Ranch-style houses.
Knoxville is home to the nation's largest home concentration designed by Victorian-style residential architect George Franklin Barber, who lives in the city. Other well-known local architects include Baumann family members, Charles I. Barber (son of George), R. F. Graf, and more recently, Bruce McCarty. The nationally renowned architects with works still standing in the city include Alfred B. Mullett (Greystone), John Russell Pope (H.L. Dulin House), and Edward Larrabee Barnes (Knoxville Museum of Art).
Nearby Areas
Knoxville is roughly divided into downtown areas and parts based on four wind direction: North Knoxville, South Knoxville, East Knoxville, and West Knoxville. Downtown Knoxville traditionally consists of areas bounded by the river to the south, First Creek to the east, Second Creek to the west, and the railroad to the north, although the definition has expanded to include U.T. campus neighborhoods and Fort Sanders, and some neighborhoods along or outside Broadway south of Sharp's Ridge ("Downtown North"). Although mainly home to the city's central business districts and municipal offices, the Old Town and Gay Road are mixed residential and commercial areas.
South Knoxville consists of parts of the city located south of the river, and includes the Vestal neighborhood, Lindbergh Forest, Island Home Park, Colonial Hills, and Old Sevier. This area contains major commercial corridors along Chapman Highway and Alcoa Highway.
West Knoxville generally comprises the western U.T. region, and covers the Sequoyah Hills neighborhoods, West Hills, Bearden, Cumberland Estates, Westmoreland, Suburban Hills, Cedar Bluff, Rocky Hill, and Ebenezer. This area, concentrated around Kingston Pike, is home to growing retail centers such as West Town Mall.
East Knoxville comprises the eastern region of First Creek and the James White Parkway, and covers the neighborhoods of Parkridge, Burlington, Morningside, and Five Points. This area, concentrated along Magnolia Avenue, is home to Chilhowee Park and Zoo Knoxville.
North Knoxville consists of the northern areas of the Sharp Ridge, the City of Fountain and the Inskip-Norwood area. The main commercial corridor of this area is located along Broadway.
List of famous neighborhoods
Demographics
In the 2010 census, the Knoxville population was 178,874, an increase of 2.9% from 2000. The median age was 32.7, with 19.1% of the population under the age of 18, and 12.6% over the age of 65. The population is 48% male and 52% female. Population density is 1,815 people per square mile.
Urban racial and ethnic compositions are 76.1% white, 17.1% black, 0.4% Native American, 1.6% Asian, and 0.2% Pacific Island. Hispanic or Latin from any race of 4.6% of the population. People who report more than one race comprise 2.5% of the population.
Data collected by the Census from 2005 to 2009 reported 83,151 households in Knoxville, with an average of 2.07 people per household. The level of home ownership is 51%, and 74.7% of the population have lived in the same house for more than a year. The average household income is $ 32,609, and per capita income is $ 21,528. High school graduates consist of 83.8% of 25 people and older, and 28.3% have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The city poverty rate is 25%, compared with 16.1% in Tennessee and 15.1% across the country.
In the opinion of the Economic Research Institute in a 2006 study, Knoxville was identified as the most affordable US city for recent college graduates, based on a typical salary ratio for living expenses. In 2014, Crime
Uniform FBI Crime Report for Knoxville for 2009:
Economy
After the arrival of railroads in the 1850s, Knoxville grew into a large wholesale and manufacturing center. After the collapse of the city's textile industry in the 1950s, Knoxville's economy became more diverse. In 2011, 15.9% of the workforce of the Metropolitan Metropolitan Area of ​​Knoxville (MSA) was employed by government agencies, while 14.1% worked in the professional services sector, 14% worked in education or health care, 12.7% worked in the retail sector. , 10.5% work in leisure and hospitality, and 8.9% work in the manufacturing sector. The region has an unemployment rate of 7.9% in 2011.
In the ACCRA Life Cost Index 2010, Knoxville scored 89.6 (the national average is 100). Kiplinger placed Knoxville at number 5 on the 2011 Best Cities list citing "campus sports, the Smoky Mountains, and entrepreneurial spirit." In April 2008, Forbes magazine named Knoxville was among the Top 10 Hotspots in the United States, and in Forbes' Top 5 for Business & amp; Careers, just behind cities like New York and Los Angeles.
In 2007, there were over 19,000 businesses registered in Knoxville. The city's business is served by 2,100 Knoxville Area Chamber Partnership members. The Knoxville Chamber is one of six partners in the Valley of Innovation of Knoxville-Oak Ridge, which promotes economic development in Knox and surrounding counties.
Big companies
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation's largest publicly owned electricity provider, is a federal-owned company headquartered in Knoxville. TVA reported revenues of $ 11.8 billion in 2011, and employs more than 12,000 territories across the region.
The largest public company based in Knoxville (in terms of revenue) is the cinema network Regal Entertainment Group, which reported revenues of $ 2.81 billion in 2010. Regal is the only Fortune 1000-listed company listed in Fortune 1000 (# 724). The second largest publicly traded company in Knoxville is Discovery, Inc. (formerly Scripps Networks Interactive) ($ 2.07 billion), followed by health care company TeamHealth ($ 1.52 billion).
The largest private company based in Knoxville is the Flying J Pilot, the nation's largest truck stop chain and the sixth largest private company, which reports over $ 29.23 billion in revenue in 2012. Knoxville is also home to the nation's fourth-largest wholesale wholesaler, The HT Hackney Company, which reported revenues of $ 3.8 billion in 2012, and one of the nation's largest digital-centric advertising companies, the Tombras Group, which reported revenues of $ 80 million in 2011. Other leading private companies based in the city includes Bush Brothers, Sea Ray (and its parent company, Brunswick Boat Group), Thermocopy, Petro's Chile & amp; Chips, EdFinancial, 21 Mortgages and Air-conditioned Entertainment.
Major companies located within Knoxville MSA include Clayton Homes and Ruby Tuesday (both in Maryville), and DeRoyal and Weigel's (both in Powell).
Real estate
In 2011, the average price for homes in Knoxville MSA was $ 140,900, compared to $ 173,300 nationwide. The average rent for an apartment is $ 658 per month. In March 2009, CNN placed Knoxville as the 59th city in 100 US metro areas in terms of depreciation of real estate prices.
The Knoxville area is home to 596 office buildings containing over 21 million square feet of office space. In 2010, the average rental rate per square foot was $ 14.79. The largest office building in town in terms of office space is the City-County Building, which has over 537,000 square feet of office space. The First Tennessee Plaza and Riverview Tower are the largest private office buildings, each with 469,672 square feet and 367,000 square feet.
The largest industrial park in Knoxville is the 1,460 hectare Forks of River River Park (590 ha) southeast of the Knoxville River. Other major industrial parks include the 800-acre (320Ã, ha) EastBridge Industrial Park east of Knox County and the WestBridge Industrial Park of 271 acres (110Ã, ha) west of Knox County.
Financial
The largest bank operating in Knoxville in terms of local deposits is Tennessee First, based in Memphis, which reported more than $ 2.6 billion in local deposits in 2011, representing about 16% of the Knoxville banking market. They were followed by Atlanta-based SunTrust ($ 2.5 billion), Bank of Birmingham Area ($ 1.9 billion), Home Federal Bank of Tennessee (US $ 1.6 billion), and BB & amp; T ($ 1.4 billion) based in Winston-Salem. Other banks with significant operations in the city include Bank of America, First Bank (based in Lexington, Tennessee), and locally owned Clayton Bank and Trust.
Large brokerage firms with offices in Knoxville include Edward Jones, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, Wells Fargo, and Merrill Lynch. In 2011, the largest mortgage lender in Knox County (based on dollar volume) was Wells Fargo with more than $ 300 million (13% of the local market), followed by Mortgage Investors Group, SunTrust, Territory, and Federal House. Knoxville's largest accounting firm in 2012 is Pershing Yoakley & amp; Partner, with 49 local CPAs, followed by Coulter & amp; Justus (44), and Pugh CPA (43).
Manufacturing
More than 700 manufacturing companies spread throughout the Knoxville area. Sea Ray Boats is the largest producer in the city, employing 760 in the southeastern Knoxville complex in 2009. The city is home to several auto parts operations, including ARC Automotive (air bag actuators) and Security System Locks factory (seatbelts and other restrictions). Other major manufacturing operations include the Melaleaca plant (personal care product), Coca-Cola bottling plant, and Gerdau Ameristeel factory that produces steel rebar. The main manufacturing operations at Knoxville MSA were conducted at the Y-12 plant at Oak Ridge, the DENSO plant and Clayton Homes manufacturing center (both in Maryville), and the ALCOA plant in Alcoa.
Retail
The Knoxville area is home to 182 shopping centers and factory outlets, and over 2,400 retail companies. Two regional malls (West Town Mall and Knoxville Center) are located within the city, and the other two (Foothills Mall in Maryville and Oak Ridge City Center in Oak Ridge) are located within Knoxville MSA. Retailer Knoxville reported sales of $ 6.47 billion in 2007, with retail sales per capita of over $ 35,000.
The main retail corridor of Knoxville is located along Kingston Pike in West Knoxville. This area is home to West Town Mall, 358-acre Turkey Creek complex (half in Knoxville and half Farragut), and over 30 shopping centers. Downtown Knoxville contains a number of specialty shops, clubs and dining areas, mostly concentrated in the Old Town, Market Square, and along Gay Street. Another important retail area is located along Cumberland Avenue in U.T. campus (most restaurants), Broadway around Fountain City, and Chapman Highway in South Knoxville.
Technology and research
The University of Tennessee is classified by the Carnegie Commission as a university with "very high research activity," performing over $ 300 million in external funded research each year. Research Centers linked to UT with a multimillion-dollar National Science Foundation grant include the Appalachian Collaboration Center for Learning, Assessment and Instruction in Mathematics, the National Institute for Computational Science, the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, and the Center for Ultra-wide-So Network Power Transmission Tangguh (CURENT). U.T. and the nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory jointly undertake various research projects and co-manage the National Transportation Research Center.
The Tennessee Technology Corridor stretches across 7,000 hectares (2,800 ha) between West Knoxville and Oak Ridge. The corridor is home to 13 research and development companies employing nearly 2,000.
Culture
Knoxville is home to a rich art community and has many festivals throughout the year. His contribution to old music, bluegrass and country music is overwhelming, from Flatt & amp; Scruggs and Homer & amp; Jethro to Brother Everly.
The Knoxville Symphony Orchestra (KSO), founded in 1935, is the oldest continuous orchestra in the southeast. KSO retains the core of full-time professional musicians, and performs in more than 200 events per year. Its traditional places include the Tennessee Theater, the Bijou Theater, and the Civic Auditorium, although also performing in a number of non-traditional places.
Knoxville also offers Knoxville Opera that has been guided by Don Townsend for more than two decades. KOC performs an opera season every year with a talented choir as the backbone of every production. The city is also known as the last concert venue Sergei Rachmaninoff in 1943.
In May 2003, "20 Most Rock & Roll cities in the US" featured, Blender ranked Knoxville's best 17 music scene in the United States. In the 1990s, alternative music critics proposed by Ann Powers, author of Weird Like Us: My Bohemian America, called the city "Austin without hype."
The city also hosts various art festivals, including the 17-day Dogwood Art Festival in April, featuring art shows, craft shows, food and live music. Also in April is the Rossini Festival, which celebrates the opera and culture of Italy. The Kuumba Festival (meaning creativity in Swahili) June commemorates African American heritage in the region and features visual art, folk art, dance, games, music, storytelling, theater and food. Autumn on the Square features national and local artists in an outdoor concert series at the historic Market Square, which has been revitalized with specialty shops and residences.
Events
The Knoxville Christmas in the City event lasts for eight weeks of events at various locations throughout the city including Christmas Trees Singing and skating in the Ice skating rink.
Sites of interest
Media
The Knoxville News Sentinel is a local daily newspaper in Knoxville, with a daily circulation of 97,844 and a circulation of Sunday 124.225, in 2011. The city is home to several weekly, biweekly, and monthly publications.
In 2011, the Knoxville television market was the 61st largest in the US with 527,790 homes, according to Nielsen Market Research. The largest local television station is the NBC WBIR affiliate, with 28,305 watching households, followed by ABC WATE affiliates (23,559), CBS WVLT affiliates (20,052), Fox WTNZ affiliates (10,319), and CW WBXX affiliates (5,415). Other local stations include WKNX-TV (RTV) and WPXK (Ion). East Tennessee PBS operates the Knoxville Public Broadcasting Service station at WKOP 17.
Discovery, Inc. operates the previous Scripps Networks interactive cable television network from Knoxville, including HGTV, DIY Networks, Food Networks, Cooking Channels, Travel Channels, and the United States. Jewelry Television, a home shopping channel, is also based in the city, and several companies providing production services for the ex-SNI network also maintain Knoxville operations.
According to Arbitron's 2011 Radio Market Rankings, Knoxville has the 72nd largest radio market in the country, with 684,700 households. In 2010, the country music station WIVK (107.7 FM) had the highest AQH market share at 16.3, followed by adult contemporary station WJXB (97.5 FM) at 10.1, and news station/talk WCYQ (100, 3 FM) at 8.3. Other stations include WIMZ Rock music station (103.5 FM) and WNFZ (94.3), Top 40 WKHT (104.5 FM) Rhythmic stations, WWST contemporary hit stations (102.1 FM), and the National Public Radio station WUOT (91.9 FM). The University of Tennessee radio station operates under WUTK (90.3 FM). East Tennessee's Own "listener supports radio stations, WDVX, plays traditional country, bluegrass, Americana, and local favorites. The community of WOZO-LP low-power radio stations at 103.9 FM began broadcasting an eclectic mix of music and news from a simple studio in neighborhood 4 and Gill in June 2015.
References in popular culture
- The 1999 film October Sky was filmed in Knoxville as well as several counties in eastern Tennessee,
- The 2000 movie Road Trip was partially filmed at the University of Tennessee campus center.
- The movie Moonlight Box , starring John Turturro and Sam Rockwell, was filmed and takes place in and around Knoxville.
- The March 31, 1996 episode of The Simpsons , titled Bart on the Road , featured Bart and his friends renting a car and driving to Knoxville after finding a promotional flyer for Exhibition World 1982 in this city.
- Some scenes from the 2004 film The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things were taken in Knoxville.
Other references to Knoxville in literature and music include:
- "Suttree", a 1979 semi-autobiographical novel by the original Knoxville Cormac McCarthy set in the city.
- "Knoxville Courthouse Blues", Hank Williams, Jr., 1984.
- "Ballad Thunder Road", Robert Mitchum, 1957. The lyrics refer to the Huntden community of Knoxville.
- "The Knoxville Girl", first recorded in 1924. Traditional Appalachian ballads.
- "Knoxville: Summer of 1915", Samuel Barber, 1947 sound & amp; piece of orchestra based on short prose 1938 by James Agee.
- "The Busy Demon In Knoxville," a song recorded in 1930 by jazz singer Leola Manning
- "Smoky Mountain Rain", Ronnie Milsap, 1980. The lyrics begin " Deviate from LA back to Knoxville... "
- "The Man in the Overstuffed Chair," a short story by Tennessee Williams playwright, gave a brief description of the deaths of Williams's father, Cornelius, at Knoxville hospital, and his funeral in Old Gray Cemetery.
- Swiss travel writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach visited Knoxville in the 1930s, and wrote an essay on the city, "Auf der Schattenseite von Knoxville," published in the December 1937 issue of Swiss magazine, National Zeitung .
- Pulitzer Prize winning novel Peter Taylor, In Tennessee State , refers to "Knoxville graveyard" in which the grandfather of the main character (a fictitious politician) is buried. This may refer to Old Gray Cemetery, where Taylor's own grandfather, Governor Robert Love Taylor, was originally buried in 1912.
- Twain, Mark. Life in Mississippi , Chapter 40. Twain wrote of a fight in downtown Knoxville involving Joseph Mabry Jr., the owner of the pre-war Mabry-Hazen house.
- The part of Anne W. Armstrong 1915 novel, The Seas of God, takes place in a fictional town called "Kingsville," based on Knoxville.
- Van Ryan, Jane. Miss Evelyn Hazen's Flirt . This book tells a sensational lawsuit between the Knoxville socialite Evelyn Hazen, the grandson of Joseph Mabry, Jr., and his fiancee.
- "What Should I Do", Kenny Chesney, 1999. The lyrics include the line "... maybe head north to Knoxville, Tennessee.... "
- "Waitin 'on a Woman", Brad Paisley, 2008. Knoxville's West Town Mall lyrics reference.
- Woman In Hiding , the 1949 movie starring actress Ida Lupino, has many scenes going on in Knoxville.
- Steve Earle refers to Knoxville in the 1988 song, "Copperhead Road" from the eponymous album, and is referenced in "Oxycontin Blues" from his album Washington Square Serenade , 2007.
- The Felice Brothers mentions "fan-fan a Chinese fan in" Knoxville Mode "in their song" Wonderful Life ", from their Felice Brothers album (2008).
- Dire Straits guitarist Mark Knopfler recorded a song titled, "Daddy's Gone to Knoxville," on his 2002 solo album, The Ragpicker's Dream.
- The 1974 David Madden novel, Bijou , is set in a fictitious city known as "Cherokee," based on Knoxville.
- The first part of the 1950 James Herman Robinson autobiography, The Road Without Turning , takes place in Knoxville.
- "Knoxville Morning" is an Irish Folk Rock/Americana band. The title track of Debut's self-titled "On the Knoxville Morning" is written about days and nights spent in Knoxville.
- The Bruce Willis character in the 1994 movie Pulp Fiction refers to moving to Knoxville from Los Angeles and is in "Tennessee time".
Sports
The University of Tennessee athletics program, dubbed "Volunteers," or "Vols," is popular in Knoxville and the surrounding area. The Neyland Stadium, where the Vols play football team, is one of the largest stadiums in the world, and the Thompson-Boling Arena, home of the men's and women's basketball team, is one of the largest indoor basketball arenas in the country. The phone area code for Knox County and eight adjacent districts is 865 (VOL). Knoxville is also the home of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame, almost entirely thanks to the success of Pat Summitt and the University of Tennessee women's basketball team.
Other sports teams located in Knoxville include:
- Knoxville Force (National Premier Soccer League, Southeast Division)
- Knoxville Ice Bears (Southern Professional Hockey League)
- Tennessee Smokies (Southern League, Double-A Chicago Cubs Affiliation)
Government
Knoxville is governed by a mayor and nine-member City Council. It uses a strong mayor form of the mayor's council system. The Council consists of six members elected from single-member districts and three elected members in general for the whole city. The Council voted from among its members the deputy mayor (currently Duane Grieve), chairman of the Beer Board (currently Brenda Palmer), and a representative of the Knoxville Transport Authority (currently Daniel Brown). The City Council meets every other Tuesday at 7 pm. in the City County Main Building Room.
The current mayor is Madeline Rogero, who was sworn in as the first female mayor of the city on December 17, 2011. He replaced the interim mayor Daniel Brown. Brown, the first African-American to hold the post, was appointed in January 2011 following the resignation of Bill Haslam, who was elected governor of Tennessee. Other new mayors include Haslam's predecessor, Victor Ashe (1987-2003), Kyle Testerman (1972-1975, 1984-1987), and Randy Tyree (1976-1983).
The Knoxville Fire Department (KFD) provides Class 2 ISO services within the city limits. The fire department operates 19 stations with 308 uniformed personnel. KFD provides firefighters, first responders' EMS responses, vehicle dismissals and HazMat responses within city limits.
The Knoxville Police Department serves the Knoxville residents with 378 officers and a total of 530 employees.
The 911 ambulance service inside Knoxville is provided by AMR Ambulance based on a contract with Knox County.
Knoxville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court courthouse for East Tennessee.
Education
Knoxville is home to the main campus of the University of Tennessee (UTK), which has been operating in the city since the 1790s. In 2011, UTK has over 27,000 registrations and a donation of more than $ 300 million. The school employs more than 1,300 instructors, and offers more than 300 degree programs.
Pellissippi State Community College is a two-year school organized by the Tennessee Supervisory Board that offers transfer programs, two-year degrees, and certificate programs. The main campus is located on Pellissippi Parkway in west Knox County. In 2011, the school had an entire system registration of over 11,000 students,
Johnson University (formerly Johnson Bible College) is a Bible school affiliated with Christian churches and churches of Christ. In 2012, schools have 845 registrations. Johnson has traditionally specialized in preacher and minister training, but also offers degrees in counseling, teaching, music, and nonprofit management.
South College (formerly Knoxville Business College) is a nonprofit school located in West Knoxville that offers undergraduate and graduate programs in business, health care, criminal justice, and law. The school has 717 registrations in 2010.
Knoxville College is a historic black university that began operating in Knoxville in the 1870s. The School offers a Bachelor of Science in Liberal Studies and an Associate of Arts degree. Knoxville College has around 100 students enrollment in 2010 and is permanently closed in 2015.
Agencies with campus branches in Knoxville include ITT Technical Institute, King University, Lincoln Memorial University (ie, Duncan School of Law), National College of Business & amp; Technology, Roane State Community College, Strayer University, Tennessee Wesleyan University, and Tusculum College. Virginia College offers career programs in Knoxville. Huntington College of Health Sciences, which offers distance courses in nutrition and health, has an office in Knoxville.
Primary and secondary education
The public school in Knoxville is part of Knox County School system, which oversees 89 schools (50 elementary schools, 14 middle, 14 high, and 11 adult centers) serving more than 56,000 students. This system includes 5 magnet schools and the STEM academy. The Knox County high school has an 86.6% pass rate, in 2011. The average class ratio is 14 students per teacher.
Knox County is home to more than 50 private schools and parishes, the largest of which includes Knoxville Christian Academy, Knoxville Webb Schools, Knoxville Catholic High School, Grace Christian Academy, Cedar Springs Sunday School, and Cathedral School of the Sacred Heart.
Library
The Knox County Public Library System consists of the Lawson McGhee Library, located downtown, and 17 branch libraries, overseeing a collection of over 1.3 million volumes.
Infrastructure
Health
The Knox County hospital system contains over 2,600 licensed beds in 7 public hospitals and one children's hospital. The largest hospital in the city in 2011 was the University of Tennessee Medical Center, which had 581 beds, followed by Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center (541), Parkwest Medical Center (462), and Physicians Regional (370). The city's largest ambulatory surgery center is Parkwest Park Surgery Center, which employs 58 doctors and 35 nurses, followed by the Fort Sanders West Outpatient Surgery Center and St. Ambulatory Surgical Center. Mary in the South.
A 2009 study by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute found that the Knox Countians had a 76-year life expectancy. The study also found that 22% of adults in Knox County smoke, 28% are obese, 11% are party drinkers, and 14% have no health insurance. In 2009, Knox County experienced 8 days of unhealthy air due to high particulate levels, and 25 days due to high levels of ozone.
In 2010, Knoxville air quality has continued to improve over the last decade according to the American Lung Association of the Air 2017.
Utilities
The Knoxville Utilities Board (KUB) provides electricity, water and waste management for residents and businesses of Knoxville. The KUB service area covers 688 square miles and includes over 5,200 miles of power grids that deliver electricity to over 196,000 subscribers. The average electricity bill is over $ 96 per month. KUB buys its electricity from the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Transportation
Highway
The two major interstate highways that serve Knoxville are Interstate 40, which connects cities to Asheville (directly) and Bristol (via I-81) to the east and Nashville to the west, and Interstate 75, which connects the city to Chattanooga to the south and Lexington to the north. Two interstates merged just west of Knoxville near Dixie Lee Junction and strayed as they approached the Downtown area, with I-40 continuing through the Downtown area and I-75 turning north. Interstate 640 provides a bypass for I-40 travelers, and Interstate 275 provides faster connections to I-75 for Downtown travelers heading north. Route spur from I-40, Interstate 140 (Pellissippi Parkway), connect West Knoxville with McGhee Tyson Airport.
The busiest street of Knoxville is a stretch of 129 US Routes known as Alcoa Highway, which connects Downtown area to McGhee Tyson Airport. A combined stretch of US-70 and US-11 entered the city from the east along Magnolia Avenue, drove through the Downtown area, across U.T. campus along Cumberland Avenue ("The Strip"), and continue into West Knoxville with Kingston Pike. US-441, which connects Knoxville to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, passes along Broadway in North Knoxville, Henley Street in the Downtown area, and Chapman Highway in South Knoxville. US-25W connects Knoxville with Clinton.
Tennessee State Route 158 loop around the Downtown area of ​​Kingston Pike on the west of U.T. campus, south and east along Neyland Drive and riverside, and north along the James White Parkway before ending on I-40. TN-168, known as the Governor of John Sevier Highway, stretches along the eastern and southern parts of the city. TN-162 (Pellissippi Parkway) connects West Knoxville with Oak Ridge. TN-331 (Tazewell Pike) connects the Fountain City area to the countryside in the northeast of Knox County. TN-332 (Northshore Drive) connects West Knoxville and Concord. TN-33 (Maryville Pike) crosses many of South Knoxville.
Four bridge vehicles connect Downtown Knoxville to South Knoxville, namely South Knoxville Bridge (James White Parkway), Gay Street Bridge (Gay Street), Henley Street Bridge, or Henley Bridge (Henley Street), and JE "Buck" Karnes Bridge (Alcoa Highway ). Two railroad bridges, located between Henley Street Bridge and Buck Karnes Bridge, serve the CSX railway line and Northfolk Southern. Smaller bridges radiate out from the city center including Western Avenue Viaduct and Clinch Avenue Viaduct, Robert Booker Bridge (Summit Hill Drive), Hill Avenue Viaduct, and Gay Viaduct Street.
Transit masses
Public transport is provided by the Knoxville Area Transit (KAT), which operates over 80 buses, street trolleys and paratransit vehicles, and transports over 3.6 million passengers per year. Regular routes connect the Downtown area, the UK, and most residential areas with major shopping centers throughout the city. KAT operates using city, state and federal funds, and passenger tickets, and is managed by Veolia Transport.
Airport
Knoxville and the surrounding area are served by McGhee Tyson Airport (IATA: TYS), an airport of 2,000 hectares (810 ha) equipped with a 9,000-foot (2,700 m) runway. The airport is located south of Knoxville in Alcoa, but is owned by the non-profit Metropolitan Knoxville Airport Authority (MKAA). McGhee Tyson offers 8 major airlines serving 19 non-stop destinations, and an average of 120 arrivals and departures per day. The airport includes a 21 acre Air Cargo Complex (8.5Ã, ha), which serves FedEx, UPS, and Airborne Express. The base of the National Guard of McGhee Tyson Air, located adjacent to the civil airport, is home to the Tennessee Tennessee National Airship's 147th Air Force Wing.
The MKAA also has Downtown Island Airport, a 200-acre (81Ã, ha) general aviation facility located on Dickinson Island in southeast Knoxville. The airport is equipped with a 3,500 feet (1,100 m) runway, and an average of about 225 operations per day. More than 100 aircraft, mostly single-engine aircraft, based at the airport.
Railway
Train transport in Knoxville is handled by two Class I, CSX and Norfolk Southern railways, and one short, the Knoxville and Holston River Train Routes. Railroad accounts for about 12% of outgoing shipments of Knoxville and 16% of freight into the territory. The city has two major railway terminals: Burkhart Enterprises terminal in the Forks of the River Industrial Park east of the city, and the TransFlo facility adjacent to U.T. campus. Two old Knoxville passenger stations, South Terminal and L & amp; N, now mainly serve non-rail function.
Norfolk Southern, which controls about 210 miles (340 km) of tracks in the Knoxville area, averages 35 freight trains through the city per day, and operates the main classification page, John Sevier Yard, just east of the city. The company uses a small rail base near the I-40/I-275 intersection at Downtown Knoxville for the staging area. The Norfolk Southern system includes spurring lanes to coal fields around Middlesboro, Kentucky, and ALCOA plants in Blount County.
CSX controls about 76 miles (122 km) of tracks in the Knoxville area, most of which lie along the important north-south line between Cincinnati and Louisville in the north and Chattanooga and Atlanta in the south. A small redirection operation for CSX takes place at the TransFlo facility near U.T. campus. The CSX system includes spur lines for the TVA Plant Bulling Plant and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Anderson County, and the ALCOA plant in Blount County.
The Knoxville and Holston River Railroad (KXHR) is a subsidiary of Gulf and Ohio Railways, a shortline parent company headquartered at James Park House in Downtown Knoxville. KXHR operates a 19-mile (31 km) line between the Burkhart terminal at Forks of the River and Coster Yard in North Knoxville, where the shipment is transferred to CSX and Norfolk Southern lines or transported to the truck. KXHR also runs Knoxville's Locomotive Works at Coster Yard, and operates the Three Rivers Rambler, a tourist train stretching along the riverbank.
River transport
Knoxville is an international port connecting through the canal to the country's inland waterways and the Gulf of Mexico. The city's edge of the river lies at 700 miles of the river from the Mississippi River (via the Tennessee and Ohio River), and is just under 900 mile rivers from Mobile, Alabama, on the Gulf of Mexico (via the Tennessee River and the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway). TVA maintains a minimum of 9-foot (2.7 m) channel across the Tennessee River. The minimum key size in the Tennessee River and Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway dam is 600 feet (180 m) with 110 feet (34 m).
Most commercial shipping on the Tennessee River is provided by barges, which on average deliver half a million tonnes of cargo to Knoxville annually, mostly asphalt, road salt, and steel and coke. Burkhart Enterprises operates the city's most active public barge terminal at the Forks of the River facility, handling approximately 350,000 tonnes of barge cargo per year. Knoxville Barge and Chattanooga-based Serodino, Inc., provide barge delivery services to and from the city.
Recreational recreation often on the river including small boats, fishing boats and cruises. The ship and marina slip are located in Volunteer Landing in the Downtown area. The VOL Navy, a fleet of several dozen ships, huddled in the river during berming
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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