Cornelius McGillicuddy (December 22, 1862 - February 8, 1956), better known as Connie Mack , is a baseball player, manager, and owner of an American professional team. The longest serving manager in the history of the Premiership Baseball, he holds a record of victories (3,731), losses (3,948), and managed games (7,755), with a total victory of nearly 1,000 more than any other manager.
Mack runs Philadelphia Athletics for the first 50 seasons at the club, starting in 1901, before retiring at the age of 87 after the 1950 season, and at least being a part owner from 1901 to 1954. He was the first manager to win the World Series three times, the only manager who won the Series on a separate occasion (1910-11, 1929-30); His five Series titles remain the third most by any manager, and nine American League banners are ranked second in league history. However, the ongoing financial struggle forced them to rebuild the list, and the Mack team also finished in last place 17 times. Mack was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York in 1937.
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Mack was born Cornelius McGillicuddy in Brookfield, Massachusetts in what is now East Brookfield, Massachusetts on December 22, 1862. He has no middle name, but many accounts mistakenly give him the middle name of "Alexander"; this error may have arisen because his son Cornelius McGillicuddy Jr. take Alexander as his confirmation name. Like many Irish immigrants whose names start with "Mc", the McGullicuddys are often referred to as "Mack", except for official and legal documents. His parents, Michael McGillicuddy and Mary McKillop, both immigrants from Ireland. Michael McGillicuddy's father was Cornelius McGillicuddy, and by tradition, the family named at least one son in every generation of Cornelius. "Connie" was a common nickname for Cornelius, so Cornelius McGillicuddy was called "Connie Mack" from an early age. Connie Mack never officially changed her name; on the occasion of her second marriage at the age of 48, she signed the marriage list as "Cornelius McGillicuddy". His nickname on the baseball field is "Slats", because he is 6 feet 2 inches tall and thin.
Mack's father became a wheel-maker. During the American Civil War, he served with the 51st Infantry Infantry Regiment. Michael McGillicuddy suffered from several diseases as a result of his military service; he can only work infrequently and attract disability pensions.
Mack was educated at East Brookfield, and started working summer at a local cotton mill at the age of 9 to help support his family. She quit school after finishing eighth grade at the age of 14, intending to work full time to contribute to family support, as did several siblings. He works in a shop, works on local farms, and works on shoe factory production lines in nearby cities.
Mack is also a good athlete and often plays baseball and some of his predecessor games with local players at East Brookfield. In 1879, his expertise gave him a spot on the East Brookfield town team, which played another city team in the area. Though younger than his teammate a few years, Mack is a captains captain and captain.
Maps Connie Mack
Baseball Careers
Main
Beginning in 1886, Mack played 10 seasons in the National League and one in the League of Players, with a total of 11 seasons in the major leagues, almost entirely as catchers.
Beginning in 1884, he played in small league teams in the Connecticut towns of Meriden and Hartford before being sold to the Washington Nationals (sometimes called Statesmen or Senators) of the National League in 1886. In the winter of 1889, he jumped to the Buffalo Bisons from The new Players League, invested all of his life savings of $ 500 in shares in the club. But the League of Players' got out of business after just one year, and Mack lost his job and all his investment. In December 1890 Mack signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League and remained with them for the rest of his career as a full-time player.
As a player, Mack is "a light catcher with a reputation as an intelligent player, but not doing very well as a player."
Mack is one of the first catchers to position itself directly behind the home plate instead of in front of the backstop. According to Wilbert Robinson, "Mack never means... [but] if you have a weak spot, Connie will find her.She can do and say more things under your skin than the verbal words used by other catchers. "
In addition to verbally needling to distract them, he develops skills such as blocking plates to prevent the basic runner from scoring and falsifying the sound of a rotten tip. (He may be responsible for the 1891 regulatory changes that require a batter to have two strikes against him to be called if the catcher catches a foul tip.) In addition to giving a bat tip to forge a foul tip tip, Mack becomes adept at bat tipping to throw off the swing. ("Tipping" the bat is brushing it with a scoop when the dough swings, either delaying the swing or putting it, so the dough misses the ball or does not hit it strongly.If the referee realizes that the bat has been tipped, either intentionally or unintentionally, ) Mack has never denied such a trick:
Farmer Weaver is a fish catcher for Louisville. I patted his bartender several times when he had two strokes on him one year, and every time the referee called him. He even replied. Once there were two attacks on him and he swung it when the pitch came in. But he did not swing the ball. He swung my hand to my wrist. Sometimes I think I can still feel the pain. I will tell you that I am not tipping his bat again. No, sir, not until the last game of the season and Weaver was in the bat for the last time. When he has two attacks, I tap his batter again and get away with it.
Managing
Managerial career
The last three seasons of Mack in the National League were as player-managers with the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1894 to 1896, with a record of 149-134 (0.527). Sacked on September 21, 1896, he retired as a full-time player and received an agreement from Henry Killilea to act as an occasional reserve manager and catcher for the Milwaukee Brewers minor league. He agreed to a salary of $ 3,000 and 25% of the club. He managed Brewers for four seasons from 1897 to 1900, their best year came in 1900, when they finished second. It was in Milwaukee, he first signed pitcher Rube Waddell, who would follow him into the big league.
In 1901 Mack became manager, treasurer and part owner of Philadelphia Athletics, the new American League. He ran the Athletics through the 1950 season, composing a record of 3,582-3,814 (.484) when he retired on 87. Mack won nine banners and appeared in eight World Series, winning five.
Duration of 50 years Mack as Athletic manager is the most ever to coach or manager with the same team in North American professional sports, and is never seriously threatened. Some college coaches have longer tenure: Eddie Robinson, college football coach in Grambling State for 57 seasons, from 1941 (when it was known as Louisiana Negro Normal and Industrial Institute) until 1997. Joe Paterno, with 62 season as college The football coach for Penn State Nittany Lions also surpassed Mack, although Paterno was the head coach in just 46 years.
Mack is widely praised in the newspaper for managing smart and innovative, which earned him the nickname "High Tactics". He values ​​intelligence and "baseball intelligence," always looking for educated players. (He sells Shoeless Joe Jackson regardless of his talent for his bad attitude and unintelligent game.) "Better than any other manager, Mack understands and promotes intelligence as an element of excellence." He wants an independent man, self-disciplined and self-motivated; his dream player is Eddie Collins. According to baseball historian Bill James, Mack is far ahead of his time having many college players on his team. Some of his players then became respected college coaches. Jack Coombs, ace of Mack's 1910-11 champions, became an old coach at Duke. Andy Coakley, who won 20 matches for the 1905 Mack winner, trained for over 30 years at Columbia, where he is a college coach for Lou Gehrig. Dick Siebert, an old coach in Minnesota, played for Mack from 1938 to 1945. James believes that Mack's influence on the game, for that size, would be even greater if college matches became more popular during the 1920s and 1930s, when Mack is at its peak.
According to James, Mack looks for seven things in his players - "physical ability, intelligence, courage, disposition, will, general awareness and personal habits."
As a result of Mack's efforts to get his players into better people and baseball players, he created the Code after the 1916 season:
- I will always play the game as well as I can.
- I will always play to win, but if I lose, I will not find any excuse to reduce my opponent's victory.
- I will never take an unfair advantage to win.
- I will always abide by the rules of the game - in diamonds as well as in my daily life.
- I will always make myself a true sportsman - on and off the playing field.
- I will always strive for the good of the whole team rather than for my own glory.
- I will never win or feel sorry for myself in defeat.
- I will do my best to keep myself clean - physically, mentally, and morally.
- I will always rate my teammates or opponents as individuals and never on the basis of race or religion.
He is also looking for a player with a quiet and disciplined personal life, having seen many players in his day playing crush themselves and their teams through heavy drinking. Mack himself never drank; before the 1910 World Series he asked all his players to "take a pledge" not to drink during the Series. When Topsy Hartsel tells Mack that he needs to drink the night before the last game, Mack tells him to do what he thinks best, but in a situation like this "if it were me, I would die before I drink."
In any case, his managerial style is not tyrannical but relaxed. He never imposed a curfew or bed check, and made the best of what he had. Rube Waddell was the best pitcher and biggest gateway attraction of Mack's first decade as manager of A, so he endured with a drink and was unreliable for years, until he started lowering the team and the other players asked Mack to get rid of Waddell.
Mack's strength as a manager is to find the best players, teach them well and let them play. "He does not believe that baseball revolves around managerial strategies." He is "one of the first managers working to position his defender" during the game, often directing outward players to move left or right, playing shallow or deep, waving a scorecard rolled off the bench. After he's famous for doing this, he often gives instructions to the field players by way of other players, and just waving his scorecard as a hoax.
James summarizes Mack's managerial approach as follows: he likes the set of lineup, not generally a platoon hitter; young players are favored for veterans and power hitters for those with a high average blow; not often pinching, using bench players or sacrificing a lot (nevertheless, A led the league with sacrifice bunts in 1909, 1911 and 1914); believes in a "big-inning" offense rather than a small ball; and very rarely out of the way deliberate.
During his career, he has nine ball-winning teams covering three peak periods or "dynasties." His original team, with players such as Rube Waddell, Ossee Schrecongost, and Eddie Plank, won the banner in 1902 (when there was no World Series) and 1905. They lost the 1905 World Series to the New York Giants (four games to one, all shutouts, with Christy Mathewson threw three shutouts for a record 27 scoreless inings in a World Series). During the season, Giants manager John McGraw said that Mack had a "big white elephant in his hand" with Athletics. Mack is challenging to adopt a white elephant as a team logo, which is still used today's Athletics.
As the first team aged, Mack acquired the core of young players to form their second great team, featuring the famous Mack "$ 100,000 infield" from Eddie Collins, Home Run Baker, Jack Barry and Stuffy McInnis. The athletics, led by capturer Ira Thomas, won the banner in 1910, 1911, 1913 and 1914, defeating Cubs in the World Series in 1910 and the Giants in 1911 and 1913, but lost in 1914 in four straight games to "Miracle "Boston Braves, who came from last place in late July to win the National League banner with 6 1/2 matches over the Giants.
The team broke up due to financial problems, from which Mack did not recover until his twenties, when he built his third great team. The 1927 Athletics featured several future Hall of Fame players including Ty Cobb veterans, Zack Wheat and Eddie Collins as well as young stars like Mickey Cochrane, Lefty Grove, Al Simmons and rookie Jimmie Foxx. The team won the banner in 1929, 1930 and 1931, defeating the Chicago Cubs in the 1929 World Series (when they came from 8-0 behind in Game 4, scoring the Series record ten times in the seventh inning and winning the game, 10 -8, and then from two runs in the bottom of the ninth in Game 5 to the victory of the walk-off series) and easily defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in 1930. The following year, St. Louis beat A in seven games led by a brilliant Pepper Martin.
The team disbanded after 1932 when Mack was in financial trouble again. In 1934, A had fallen into the second division. Although Mack intends to rebuild for the third time, he will never win another banner. Athletic records from 1935 to 1946 were bleak, ending in the dungeon of the AL every year except the fifth place finish in 1944. World War II brought further trouble due to lack of personnel.
In 1938, Mack in the mid-seventies managed to combat the blood infections caused when a broken ball injured one of his shins. He stopped for treatment at the Medical and Surgical Hospital in San Antonio, Texas, where he was on the train.
Moreover, when Mack entered his 80s, his sharp mind began to fade quickly. Mack will make strange decisions (which coach and his players are usually rejected), make explosive unexplainable, and ask players from previous decades to pinch. He spent most of the game asleep in the dugout, leaving his coach to run the team almost all the time.
According to outsider Sam Chapman, "He can remember the old players, but he has a hard time remembering the names of the players at the moment." Shortstop Eddie Joost said, "He's not senile, but there are irregularities." Despite the growing speculation that he will retreat, Mack brushes it off and declares that he will continue to manage as long as he is physically able to do so.
According to Bill James, when Mack recovered financially, he was "old and unrelated to the game, so his career ended with an eighteen-year-old baseball baseball." It is generally agreed that he stays too long in the game, hurting his legacy. He can not handle post-World War II changes in baseball, including the thriving commercialization of the game. His business style was no longer viable in post-World War II America due to a variety of factors, including the increased cost of running the team. For example, he never installed a phone line between a bullpen and a break room.
Despite the circumstances, Mack octogenarian led the team to three seasons of victory in 1947-49 (including fourth place finish in 1948). With an unexpected A revival in 1947-1949, there was hope that 1950 - Mack's 50th anniversary as manager A - would carry an ending banner. However, A never recovered from a terrible May where they only won five games. On May 26th, A was 11-21, the first 12 games, and it was clear the season was the missing cause. On that date, his son Earle, Roy and Connie, Jr. persuading their father to promote Dykes, who has been a coach since 1949, became assistant manager for the remainder of the season. Dykes became the team's main operator in the break room, and would take over managerial control in its own right in 1951. At the same time, Cochrane was appointed general manager - thus stripping Connie, Sr. from his remaining authority. Six weeks after his mid-season retirement, Mack was honored by baseball when he dumped the first tone of the ceremony from the 1950 All-Star Game.
"Towards the end he was old and sick and sad, a sad dignified figure bewildered by the quarrels around him when his baseball monument was destroyed."
At the time of his retirement, Mack stated:
"I do not want to stop because I'm old, I stop because I think people want me."
Managerial notes
Owner
The American White League knight, Charles Somers, provided seed money to start Athletics and several other American League teams. However, the plan asks local interest to buy Somers as soon as possible. To that end, Mack persuaded sports equipment manufacturer Ben Shibe, minority owner of rival Phillip Phillips, to buy a 50 percent stake in the team - an offer sweetened by Mack's promise that Shibe will have exclusive rights to make the ball for the American League. In return, Mack was allowed to buy a 25 percent stake, and was named the team treasurer. Two local sports writers, Frank Hough and Sam Jones, bought the remaining 25 percent, but their involvement was not mentioned in a merging paper; in fact, no deal was made on paper until 1902. Mack and Shibe did business with a handshake.
In 1913, Hough and Jones sold 25 percent to Mack, making him a full partner at the club with Shibe; Mack actually borrowed money to buy from Shibe. Under their agreement, Mack has full control over baseball issues while Shibe handles the business side. When Shibe died in 1922, his son Tom and John took over management from the business side, with Tom as team leader and John as vice president. Tom died in 1936, and John resigned shortly afterwards, leaving Mack to take over the presidency. John Shibe died in 1937, and Mack bought 141 shares of his property, enough to make him the majority owner of A. However, he has been operating as head of the franchise since the death of Ben Shibe. Such arrangements are no longer possible in the present, because the major league rules do not allow coaches or managers to have any financial interest in clubs.
Mack's great power as an owner is his huge network of baseball friends, all of whom act as scouts and "bird-dogs" for him, finding talented players and reminding Mack. "Mack is better at the game than anyone else in the world... People love Mack, respect him, and trust him... Mack answers every letter and listens patiently to every sales job, and... he gets a player for that reason.. "
Mack sees baseball as a business, and realizes that the economic needs drive the game. He explained to his cousin Art Dempsey that "The best thing for the team financially is to run and finish the second.If you win, all players expect a raise." This is one of the reasons he keeps collecting players, signing almost everyone for a ten-day contract to assess his talent; he is looking forward to the coming seasons when his veterans will retire or survive to earn a larger salary than Mack can provide.
Unlike most baseball owners, Mack almost has no income other than A. Even when he collects rent from Phillies, he is often in financial trouble. The issue of money - the escalation of the salaries of his best players (both because of their success and the competition of a freshly financed third league third league in the 1914-1915 Federal League), combined with a sharp decline in presence due to World War I - led to the gradual deployment of their second championship team, 1910-1914, which it sold, traded, or released during the years 1915-1917. The war was very painful to the team, leaving Mack with no resources to sign a valuable player. His 1916 team, with a 36-117 record, is often regarded as the worst team in American League history, and the 0.235 winning percentage is still the lowest for the major league teams of the modern era (since 1900). The 117 team's losses set a modern-day record and at the time was the second-biggest loss behind 130 Cleveland spiders in 1899. In 2012 the record has only been achieved twice, with 1962 New York Mets breaking the record with 120 losses in its inaugural season and the 2003 Detroit Tigers who outrun it with 119 even though the teams played 162 matches instead of 154 like Athletics. All told, A finished dead last in the AL seven consecutive years 1915-1921, and would not reach another 0,500 until 1926. The rebuilt team won the back-to-back championship in 1929-1930 over the Cubs and Cardinals, and then lost rematch with the last in 1931. Apparently, this is the last postseason appearance for A not just in Philadelphia, but for four decades. Unlike with the breakup of his second great team, A does not go straight out of a fight. They remained fairly competitive for much of the first half of the 1930s. However, after 1933, they will only count four more victory seasons during their stay in Philadelphia - which will be the only season of franchise victory for 35 years.
With the 1929 Great Depression, Mack struggled back financially, and was forced to sell the best players of his second major championship team, like Lefty Grove and Jimmie Foxx, to stay in business.
Although Mack wants to rebuild and win more championships, he can never do so because of lack of funds. Even before that, he did not (or could not) invest in an agricultural system. Mack celebrated his 70th birthday in 1932, and many are starting to wonder if his best days are behind him. Even as bad as anything A had over the next two decades, he stubbornly retained complete control of old baseball problems after most teams hired a general manager. This continued even after he became the majority owner, despite calls both inside and outside Philadelphia to withdraw. Indeed, one of the few times that Mack deems to give up even some of his duties is in the 1934-35 offseason - when A is still not far away from what will be their last great era. He briefly entertains himself as manager with Babe Ruth, but decides that idea, saying that Babe's wife, Claire, will run the team within a month.
In the early 1940s, Mack gave a minority stake in the team to his three sons Roy, Earle, and Connie, Jr. Although Roy and Earle never get along with Connie, Jr., who is over 20 years younger than them. , Connie, Sr. meant to have all three of them inherit the team after his death or retirement. This strategy backfired when Roy and Earle refused to consider Connie's request, Jr. to put an end to the team's bargaining way of doing business. One of the few things they agreed on was that it was time for their father to step down. Connie, Jr. only able to force through other minor improvements to the team and Shibe Park which was quickly destroyed through an alliance with Shibe's heirs. When it became clear that his older brothers did not want to go any further, Connie, Jr. and Shibes decided to sell the team. However, Roy and Earle responded by buying their younger brother, persuading their father to support them. To withdraw the deal, however, they mortgaged the team to Connecticut General Life Insurance Company (now part of CIGNA). The annual payout of $ 200,000 depletes the much-needed capital team, and puts an end to any realistic chance of victory A under Macks supervision.
When Mack resigns as manager, he withdraws from the team's active control. Over the next five years, the team crashed into the bottom of the American League. Though reduced to being a puppet, Mack continues to be treated with admiration and admiration by players who consider him a living history. His sons handled his correspondence in 1953 because he became too weak at the time to do it himself.
When the year ends, A's value is close to bankruptcy. Other American League owners have been worried about the situation in Philadelphia, as the crowd at Shibe Park has shrunk to the point that visiting teams can not meet their spending to travel there. In 1954 A only attracted 304,000 people, a place close enough to break even. Other owners, as well as league president Will Harridge, want Athletics sold to new owners. The Yankees specifically lobbied for being a Chicago-based businessman Arnold Johnson (1906-1960), who recently bought the Yankee Stadium as well as the Blues Stadium in Kansas City, home to the top AAA Triple farming teams of Yankees at the second American Association. Roy and Earle Mack did not want to move the team, but the pressure from the Yankees and the backlash from some bad business decisions finally moved their hands and they approved the sale. The last attempt to sell A car dealership to Philadelphia, John Crisconi, briefly gained Mack's support, but failed in the eleventh hour - reportedly because of the intrigue behind the scenes by the Yankees. When the transaction failed, bitter Mack wrote a letter that detonated his co-owners for drowning out Crisconi's deal. However, he admitted that he did not have enough money to run A in 1955, and admitted that Johnson's deal was the only one that had a chance to be approved.
In early November, Mack agreed to sell A to Johnson for $ 1.5 million. When AL owners meet in New York to discuss sales to Johnson, they choose 5-3 to approve the sale. Johnson immediately asked permission to move to Kansas City, which was awarded after Spike Briggs of Detroit diverted his voice. Although Mack has long admitted that the 55-year-old in the American League has ended, his doctor reported that the non-Western owner suffered a sudden and suddenly sharp drop in his blood pressure after learning that his team was gone.
The A's sold Shibe Park, now renamed Connie Mack Stadium, to the Phillies. Mack is still a driver around the game by his guard. He attended the 1954 World Series and occasional regular season matches, but in October 1955, he fell and suffered a hip fracture. Mack underwent surgery on October 5, losing World Series that week for the first time. He remained in a wheelchair after that, celebrating his 93rd birthday in November. The end came at her daughter's house on the afternoon of February 8, 1956. According to her doctor, she was fine until the 7th when she was "just beginning to fade". Officially, it was announced that he died of "old age and complications from his hip surgery" Mack funeral was held at his parish church, St. Bridget's, and she is buried in Sepulcher Holy Tomb at Cheltenham Township outside Philadelphia, with Ford Frick's baseball commander, president of AL and NL, and all 16 MLB owners serving as bearers.
Personality
Mack calm, grumpy, and polite, never use profanity. He is generally called as "Mr. Mack". He always calls his players with the names given. Chief Bender, for example, is "Albert" for Mack. Perhaps because of his extraordinary longevity in the game, there grew around him a kind of sacred image; his old friends objected to his self-image as "a bloodless, often painted saint, a pure puritan old baby." Her friend Red Smith called her "hard and warm and amazing, kind and stubborn, polite, and unreasonable, generous, calculating, naive, gentle, proud, humorous, demanding, and unpredictable".
Starting from his first managing job in the nineteenth century, Mack drew criticism from newspapers for not spending enough money. Some writers call it a blatant miser, accusing him of getting rid of star players so he can "organize his own pocket" with the money. However, his biography Norman Macht strongly defended Mack on this question, arguing that Mack's spending decision was forced on him by his financial circumstances, and that almost all the money he generated returned to the team.
Mack himself was disappointed with this accusation: when some writers accused him of deliberately losing the second game of the 1913 World Series to extend the series and make more money in ticket sales, he did not usually write angry letters to the Saturday Evening Post denying it, said "I consider playing for the reception of the gates... nothing less dishonest." With Athletics leading the Series three games into one, some New York authors forecast that Athletics will deliberately lose Game Five in New York so Mack does not have to return $ 50,000 in ticket sales for Game Six in Philadelphia. After reading this, Mack told his players that if they won the Game Five he would give them the entire team from the Game Five gate reception - about $ 34,000. Athletics won the Game and the series, and Mack gave the money as promised.
Mack backed up a large and generous family for the players in need, often looking for a job for a former player. For example, he kept Bender in the team payroll as a reconnaissance, minor league manager or coach from 1926 until Mack himself retired as owner-manager in 1950. Simmons was a coach for many years after retiring as a player.
Mack lives through an entire era of separate baseball races (the early days of the game in his youth sometimes feature black players, but this ended in the 1890s and the major leagues remained white only until Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1947) , and even after that never showed any serious interest in the signing of blacks. According to those who know him, Mack is not a racist by the standards of his day and has no particular objection to the color of a player's skin. However, he does not want to cross the commissioner of dictator Kenesaw Mountain Landis who represents the majority of MLB owners who oppose integrated baseball.
Legacy
The Philadelphia Stadium, originally named Shibe Park, was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953. Started in 1909, it was home to Athletics, and from 1938, it was also home to the Phillies, then 1955-1970 was home to the Phillies themselves, after Athletics moved to Kansas City.
He was mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash:
Family
On November 2, 1887, Mack married Margaret Hogan, described by Spencer's Leader as "a bright and vibrant character." They have three children, Earle, Roy, and Marguerite. Margaret died in December 1892 after complications from her third birth.
Mack married for the second time on October 27, 1910. His second wife was Catherine (or Katharine) Holahan (or Hoolahan) (1879-1966); census records have various spellings (marriage lists read "Catarina Hallahan"). The couple has four daughters and a son, Cornelius Jr. A faithful Catholic throughout his life, Mack is also a longtime member of the Columbus Knights (Santa Maria Council 263 in Flourtown, Pennsylvania).
Mack's son Earle Mack played some games for A between 1910 and 1914, and also managed the team for parts of the 1937 and 1939 seasons when his father was too ill to do so. In recent years, his descendants have plunged into politics: Mack's grandson Connie Mack III was a member of the US House of Representatives from Florida (1983-1989) and the United States Senate (1989-2001); and great-grandson Connie Mack IV serves on the US House of Representatives (2005-13), representing the 14th congressional district in Florida.
See also
- Major League Baseball gets the managerial win of all time
- List of Baseball Baseball Player players
- Connie Mack Stadium (Shibe Park)
References
Source
- Connie Mack and Baseball Early Years, by Norman L. Macht (University of Nebraska Press). Candidate for the 2007 CASEY Award (see The Casey Award; Roy Kaplan Baseball Bookcase).
External links
- Connie Mack at the Baseball Hall of Fame
- Connie Mack in the Search of the Mausoleum
- Baseball-Reference.com - career management records
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
- Photos of Benjamin Shibe, Connie Mack, and others at groundbreaking Shibe Park, then Connie Mack Stadium, in 1908, belonging to Temple University Libraries
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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