The Canadian Military Pattern Truck (CMP) is a class and various coherent military trucks, made in large quantities, and in various variants, by Canada during World War II, in accordance with British Army specifications, primarily intended for use in the British Commonwealth allies, but also serves in other units of the British Empire.
Until the currency restrictions in the late 1940s, Canada's automotive industry output provided a major part of the United Kingdom state vehicle. These areas are subject to abatement, Imperial preferences , the duties on Canadian products, usually made by a Canadian subsidiary of a major US carmaker. In the late 1930s, Canada began drafting a standard design, to prepare for the start of the war, which involves the design and collaboration of a unique and historic production between the giant Ford and Ford Canada giants.
The Canadian Military Truck Truck not only moved the military from Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand but was also sent to the Soviet Union after the Nazi invasion, as part of the Canadian Grant Program and Grant Aid to the Allies.
During the War, CMP trucks saw service around the world in the North African Campaign, the Sicilian Allied invasion, the Italian Campaign, the Soviet Front, the Burma Campaign, the Battle of the Philippines (1941-42), the liberation of Northwest Europe, and the Western Allied invasions of Germany. CMP trucks also serve in post-war conflicts in Indonesia, French Indochina, and Portuguese colonies in Africa.
British Foreign Office History of the Second World War cited the production of Canadian war time as soft-truck, including the CMP class, the country's most important contribution to the Allied victory. The Canadian truck is considered to have "the British Army turn on wheels" - in the North African Campaign, the British Eighth Army against Rommel uses almost exclusively CMP trucks; and Allied progress from Sicily, Italy and France, rely heavily on Canadian trucks. At the end of the war, Canada's huge supply of trucks provided vehicles for every three soldiers in the field - compared to one vehicle per seven GI Americans, making it the most moving army in the world.
Video Canadian Military Pattern truck
History
The emergence of power in Germany from Hitler and the Nazi party in 1933 led to discussions in the mid-1930s between the British War Office and the Canadian Army regarding the possible production of military vehicles in Canada. During the First World War Canadian ground troops had participated as a corps in the British Army. In any future conflict it is assumed that Canadian troops will re-integrate closely with the Parent States, and it will therefore be important that Canadian-made equipment is compatible with British standards and specifications.
Beginning in 1937, Ford Motor Company Canada and McLaughlin General Motors Canada Ltd were each invited by the Canadian Department of National Defense to produce a 15-hundred-cwt (cwt) Canadian prototype, (similar to US tonnes). ) load rating, light truck infantry which was recently adopted by the British War Office. By 1938, Canadian military authorities had shifted their interest to the heavier 4x4 and 6x4 designs. That year, Ford and General Motors of Canada Limited were invited to produce a 6x4 medium artillery tractor prototype derived from the British 6x4 Scammell Pioneer. By 1939, plans had been prepared for mass production in Canada of various military vehicles based on the strictly British CMP specifications. These trucks were originally designated "Patterns of the Department of National Defense (DND)"; however, as production volumes increased and it became clear that Canadian-built vehicles would serve widely in the power of other countries, a redesigned class of "Canadian Military Patterns (CMP)". At the outbreak of World War II, Canada's large and modern car industry shifted to the production of German-produced military vehicles.
Originally intended for Canadian military use, the vehicle was immediately taken by all British and Commonwealth forces. While Dunkirk's evacuation in the spring of 1940 managed to rescue nearly 340,000 Allied troops who had been besieged by attacking Germans, the British Expeditionary Force had been asked to leave most of its military vehicles in France. This then becomes an urgent need to replace those losses and to provide new vehicles to supplement the rapidly growing Commonwealth armed forces. The CMP vehicle, based on British specifications and with large manufacturing capacity, is the logical answer.
Maps Canadian Military Pattern truck
Production
Canadian factories produced about 850,000 vehicles in World War II, including about 50,000 armored vehicles, shotguns and self-propelled tanks. But the greatest significance has the bulk of it - more than 800,000 units - light trucks and light vehicles, manufactured by Ford, General Motors and Chrysler from Canada. Thanks to the large pre-war automotive sector, the great achievements of the Canadian wartime were to build more military trucks than the major Axis countries - Germany, Italy, and Japan - combined, in accordance with the demands of car warfare in age Blitzkrieg.
Canadian military truck production focuses primarily on medium-sized vehicles - light jeeps and 3 ton trucks, required by the Canadian Army, purchased from outside suppliers. Canadian industrial production includes both modified civil/commercial design (306,000 of which are classified as Integrated Conventional Patterns, or MCPs), as well as designs of special military objectives, in accordance with the specifications of the Canadian Military Pattern, in approximately equal numbers.
Most CMP trucks are manufactured by the division of Chevrolet General Motors Canada, and Ford Motor Company of Canada. Both manufacturers are able to rapidly increase their Canadian production, utilizing large reserves of production capacity that has remained empty since the Great Depression, and through unusual collaborative actions between two competing companies, including component interchangeable uses. A small number of CMP trucks are assembled from Canada's chassis and parts, usually first built on Canadian production lines, then torn down, locked up and shipped overseas, then reassembled in England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa (2,600), India (9,500), Italy and Egypt. Following the British convention, CMP trucks have the right drive even though most of them are built in Canada, which primarily uses left-hand drive vehicles. The CMP specification proved to be versatile, and it became the basis of different types of trucks and even some armored vehicles. Including confusing variations, there are no fewer than ninety types of CMP army vehicles, on twelve different chassis, including three different wireless truck types, four types of ambulances, and thirteen fieldwork vehicles. In Australian service (almost always by taxi No. 13), this vehicle is known as "Chev Blitz" or "Ford Blitz".
About 410,000 CMP trucks are produced in Canada, with GM contributing 201,000 and Ford making the rest. The most common models are 4x4, 3 ton trucks (common types are Chevrolet C60S and C60L, and Ford F60S and F60L equivalent), with over 209,000 vehicles made. In addition, Chrysler is registered to make 180,000 Dodge D60 other 180,000 trucks, also used in CMP roles, although it follows the CMP pattern to a much lower level, equipped with standard Dodge control cabin, rides two inches more wheelbase long, and they only use two-wheel drive. Furthermore, about 9,500 CMP 4x4 chassis is made, especially for use to build armored cars and other vehicles in Allied countries.
The Canadian production of CMP trucks alone exceeds the total production of German Nazi military trucks. The British History of the Second World War (the official UK account of the war) argues that the production of soft trucks, including the CMP truck class, was Canada's most important contribution to the final Allied victory.
After 1945, newly produced, as well as a modified war surplus, CMP trucks are used in some European armies (eg, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Spain), and worldwide (eg, South Africa, Argentina, Jordan, South Vietnam , Malaya). The CMP truck was adapted after the war for various civil roles including forestry, grain transportation, fire trucks, and snowplough. In Malaysia, following the Emergency of Malaya, many CMP trucks are converted into log carrier or off-road trucks at construction sites with improved brake systems and powerful engines.
Canadian Military Pattern Pattern
The CMP truck built by Ford uses the Ford V8 Flathead engine of 95 bhp (71 kW), 239 o cu at (3.9 L), while most of the CMP trucks built by Chevrolet have 216 cu at (3.5 L), 85 bhp (63-kW) 6-straight overhead-valve engine. A 270 cc engine made in America (4.4Ã, L) GMC straight-6 uses a 3-ton C60X truck.
Ford and Chevrolet trucks share a standard cabin design, which evolved over the years of production. The first (designed by Ford by Sid Walet), the second and third cabin design is called No. 11, 12 and 13, respectively. The first two types are similar, the main difference being a two-part radiator grille in cabin No.12 (the top opened with a hood, known as "Alligator taxi"). Cabin No. The last 13, a design completely made by Canada from late 1941 to the end of the war, has two flat panels from the windscreen sloping downward to minimize the glare from the sun and to avoid causing strong reflections to be observed. from an airplane.
All CMP cabin designs have a short "cab forward" configuration that gives CMP a typical nose-fake profile truck. This design is required to meet the original British specifications for the design of compact trucks that will be more efficient for ship transport. The specification also demands a right drive.
Internally, the cab should accommodate a relatively large and generally narrow North American machine. The standard cabin is then matched with a variety of standard chassis, cart, and body design. Chevrolet-built vehicles are recognizable from radiator grilles made of diamond patterns, while the ones built by Ford have a grid formed from a square net.
Avoiding production begins later. Initial prototype using cabin No. 13, but the production vehicle maintains a conventional commercial and conventional control cab that is similar to the MCP vehicle. This enables faster production, while maintaining the same specifications for chassis, drive, and rear body mounting of vehicles.
The production of the CMP trucking agency in Canada is subcontracted to small companies in Ontario and Manitoba, organized into the "Wartime Body Steel Association" by the Ministry of Munitions and Supply. Various dizzying truck body designs including public services (GS)/troop carrier, fuel/water tankers, vehicle recovery (tow truck), field ambulance, dental clinic, mobile laundry, wireless home (radio HQ), machine (machine shop/welding station), folding boat transportation, artillery tractor, and portee anti-tank gun.
In the list below, the NxM drive specification means that the vehicle has a total of N wheels and that the M of the wheels is driven. Military specs do not allow more than two wheels per axis. The standard British load capacity is 8 cwt (one hundred weight), 15 cwt, 30 cwt and 60 cwt equivalent to American loads of 1/2 ton short, 3/4 ton, 1.5 ton and 3 ton, respectively. The 60-cwt CMP truck is usually called a 3 ton truck or truck.
Chevolet, General Motors
- Chevrolet C8 (4x2, 101-inch wheelbase, 8 cwt)
- Chevrolet C8A Heavy Utility Truck (4x4, 101 inch wheelbase, 8 cwt)
Made in Wireless (HUW), Ambulance (HUA), Personnel (HUP), ZL Machine (mobile radio workshop) and computer (accounting, payroll) configuration - Chevrolet C15 (4x2, 101-centimeter axle, 15 cwt)
- Chevrolet C15A (4x4, 101-inch wheelbase, 15 cwt)
- Chevrolet C15TA Armored Truck (4x4, 101-inch wheelbase, 15 cwt)
- Chevrolet C30 (4x4, 134-inch wheelbase, 30 cwt)
- Chevrolet C60S (4x4, 134-inch wheelbase, 3 tons)
- Chevrolet C60L (4x4, 158 inch wheelbase, 3 tons)
- Chevrolet C60X - C60 chassis with 6x6 drives, 160 inch wheelbase 52 inches, 3 tons, 270 cu. sign in. GMC Machines straight-6)
- Chevrolet CGT Field Artillery tractor (4x4, 101-inch wheelbase)
- General Motors Fox armored car (4x4, 101-inch wheelbase) - based on Humber Armored Car
- General Motors Otter Light Reconnaissance Car (4x4, 101 inch wheelbase)
Ford
- Ford F8 axis distance (4x2, 101Ã, in (2.6m), 8ctt)
- Ford F15 (4x2, 101 inch wheelbase, 15 cwt)
- Ford F15A (4x4, 101 inch wheelbase, 15 cwt)
- Ford F30 (4x4 drive, 134.25 inch wheelbase, 30 cwt)
- Ford F60S - 4x4, wheelbase 115 inches short, 3 tons)
- Ford F60L - 4x4, wheelbase "long" 158.25 inches (4,020 m), 3 tons
- Ford F60T tractor unit (4x4, 115-inch wheelbase, 3 ton)
- Ford F60H - 6x4, rear axle not moving, wheelbase 160.50 inches 52 inches, 3 tons
- Ford FGT Field artillery tractor (4x4, wheelbase 101.25 inches)
- Ford Lynx Scout (4x4, 101-inch wheelbase) - based on Daimler Dingo
Dodge Trucks
Although popular sources in the Canadian Military Truck truck mainly discuss Ford and GM models, Dodge builds around 180,000 trucks for use in CMP roles, and with the same naming convention - three quarters is a 3-ton model of the D60 (Dodge) T- 110) type.
To achieve a rapid increase in truck production that delivers the same functionality, it is considered acceptable to Dodges to leave the standardized Ford and Chevy control cables; and like two other automakers, Dodge also installed his own machine. But even though regular Dodge taxis are installed, they are the right-hand drive, and have a shooter hold on the roof. After the initial D60 was produced with 8.25x20 tires and dual rear wheels, they were then shifted to a larger, 10.50x16 CMP specification, and axle with a single rear wheel, and mounted with a rear body design. The operator and technical manual for Dodges also reflects the manual of Ford and GM CMP. However, all Dodge models are two-wheel drive, with high rear axle and low spacing. All Dodges are powered by six flathead direct engines Chrysler - 3-ton model D60 '236 cuÃ, (3,870 cm 3 ) produces 95 HP @ 3600 rpm.
- Dodge D8A (8cwt, or Ã,½-ton - T-212 engineering code)
- Dodge D15 (15cwt, or Ã,¾-ton - T-222 engineering code)
- Dodge D60S (60cwt, or 3-ton, technical code T-110L-6, with short wheelbase 136 ")
- Dodge D60S/DD (60cwt, or 3-ton, technical code T-110L-13, with short wheelbase 136 ")
- Dodge D60L (60cwt, or 3-ton, technical code T-110L-5, with 160 "long wheelbase)
- Dodge D60L/D (60cwt, or 3-ton, technical code T-110L-9, with 160 "long wheelbase)
- Dodge D60L/DD (60cwt, or 3-ton, technical code T-110L-12, with 160 "long wheelbase)
Early 60cwt, or 3-ton Dodge: T110L-S, T110L-3, T110L-4, and T110L-14 which did not formally carry the D60 nomenclature.
Outside Canada
Chassis and vehicle production are licensed to Australia, enabling local production, while other vehicles are delivered to the UK in the form of partially assembled "knock downs". It's shipped as a kit, and has final assembly in factories in UK. The portable air version has the top of the cab superstructure and exterior components stored to allow the vehicle to fit in transport aircraft, which can be easily re-installed when received at the theater.
The bare chassis was created for an alternative body to fit, thereby reducing delivery requirements to India. Bodies for these vehicles are locally produced in India from available materials, often built entirely of wood, creating a variety of "Indian Pattern" vehicles.
To meet the urgent demand for military vehicles during World War II, some Commonwealth countries designed light armored vehicles based on CMP chassis made in Canada. Special chassis was created to assist in this purpose, featuring engine mounted on the rear and central steering position. Armored cars use this chassis or standard depending on design and availability. Ruskin Motor Bodies Pty Ltd and Ford Motor Company from Australia Rover Light Armored Car (4x4, 134.25-inch and 158.25 inch wheelbase) - built on Ford 3-ton CMP chassis
A number of Indian Pattern vehicles also have armored bodies built, creating armored trucks.
See also
- List of military equipment of the Canadian Army during the Second World War
- CMP FAT
- Morris C8 Field Artillery Tractor
- Canadian military history during the Second World War
Footnote
References
- Notes
- References
- Gregg, William, (ed.), Blue for Victory: The story of the design and production of military vehicles in Canada from 1937-1945 , the Military History Society of Canada, Rockwood, Ontario, 1981, ISBNÃ, 0-9690943-2-9.
- Ware, Pat (2010). The World's Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles . Lorenz Books. pp.Ã, 108-109. ISBNÃ, 0-7548-2052-1.
External links
- Extensive Maple Leaf Up website at CMP Trucks
- Old CMP.net
- CMP Trucks in War & amp; Peace Show 2008
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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