Truck vacuum or vacuum tanker is a tank truck with a pump and a tank. Pumps are designed to pneumatically siphon liquids, mud, mud, or the like from the site (often underground) into the truck tank. The objective is to enable the transport of liquids through the road to other locations. Vacuum trucks carry materials collected to a treatment or disposal site, such as a sewage treatment plant.
A common material to transport is septage (or wider: fecal sludge) which is human waste mixed with water, eg. from septic tanks and pit latrines). They also transported sewage sludge, industrial liquids, or pulp from animal waste from livestock facilities with pens.
Vacuum trucks can be equipped with high pressure pumps if they are used to clean the sewer from the sand.
Video Vacuum truck
Other names are used
Other names used for vacuum trucks: vacuum tankers, "Sucker Trucks" (in Australia) or "Sewer Sucker", "Hydro-vac", or "vac-trucks" (in Canada). The term slang includes: "honey truck", "honey sucker" (in India and South Africa), and "honey wagon", all (possibly) coming from a bucket of honey.
When a vacuum truck is used to transport the fecal mud then it can also be called "fecal sludge truck".
Maps Vacuum truck
Design and configuration
Commercial vacuum trucks that collect sludge usually have a volume of 10-55 cubic meters (350-1,940 cuÃ, ft). But smaller versions for special applications or low resource settings can be found with a tank as small as 500 liters (110Ã, gal? 130 US gal).
Pump
They generally use low volume sliding vane pumps or liquid ring pumps to create negative air pressure. The use of diaphragm slurry pumps is less common, but with the advantage of simpler designs and usually lower overall costs. The disadvantage is that the mechanical parts come into contact with the mud, which does not occur in the more common vacuum pumps.
Trucks can be configured to be a direct belt drive, or a hydraulic drive system.
There are two different ways to install a pump: either directly in a truck with a vacuum drive powered by a truck motor, or in an independent motor trailer. The second option with an independent motor is more complicated and not commonly used. It has the advantage of potentially having a pump closer to a septic tank. It can also use the negative pressure suction side of the pump as well as the positive pressure side to pump the mud to a longer distance or lift it higher into the tank.
Hose suction
The suction hose is usually 2 to 4 inches (5.1 to 10.2 cm) with a diameter of 3 inches (7.6 cm) as the norm. The possible length depends on various factors mainly related to elevators and other pressure losses. It is usually impossible to extend it above 50 meters (160 feet).
The inherent suction limitations of all suction pumps are that they can only lift the liquid through utilizing atmospheric pressure. For pure water, the theoretical maximum lift is about 10.3 meters (34 feet). However, because the viscosity of the fecal mud is possible to mix the air into it either by sucking close from the surface or by adding air with the compressor through a separate hose. Through this process, the overall density of the sludge/air mixture can be reduced under pure water and thus a higher lift (10-15 meters (33-49 feet)) can be achieved under optimal conditions. Other factors that affect the likelihood of lifting and the total length of the suction hose are that the single stage vacuum pump only reaches 85-90% partial vacuum, and small air leakage, pipe friction losses, and fluid viscosity further reduce the likelihood of removal.
Empty the tanker
Usually a tanker is emptied by gravity. It is possible to press the vacuum tank to "squeeze" the liquid faster or slightly different levels. But the procedure is not good for equipment and is therefore done only in special situations.
The regular discharge time for an 8-9 cubic meter tanker (280-320 cuÃ,ft) is about 15 minutes (or 7-10 minutes to unload a 4,000 liter tanker (880 gal? 1,100 gal US)). The outlet is usually 4 to 6 inches in diameter (10 to 15 cm). The discharge time depends on the thickness of the mud, the size of the outlet valve and the hose, the amount of waste in the fecal mud, and how often the driver should stop to clear the disposal screen.
Usage
Vacuum trucks are used by municipal and municipal governments, as well as commercial entities around the world.
Human excreta
Some types of non-centralized sanitation systems are served by suction trucks. They are used to empty the septage of cesspits, septic tanks, pit latrines, and public toilets, for street cleaning, for clean drains, and for individual septic systems. Trucks are used in cleaning sanitary sewer pumping stations. Vacuum trucks are used to empty portable restrooms. In commercial aviation, a vacuum truck is used to collect waste from an aircraft toilet.
Vacuum trucks dump this waste into sewer networks, to wastewater treatment plants, or - usually illegally, for example in many developing countries - directly into the environment. The latter practice, called "institutional open defecation", is dangerous because it is a public health and environmental hazard.
Industrial liquid
Vacuum trucks are used in the oil industry, to clean up storage tanks and spills. They are also an important part of the drilling of oil and natural gas wells, as they are in drilling locations. Vacuum trucks are used to remove drilling mud, drill powder, cement, spills, and to remove salt water from production tanks. They dispose of these in disposal sites, processing plants or if at a safe level can spread on farmers' lands.
More
Vacuum trucks are also used to expose underground utilities. The ground was crammed with water, and the vacuum truck sucked muddy products. This exposes buried utilities with no possible damage, as is possible if a digging machine is used (eg a backhoe tractor, tracked or wheeled excavator, witch trench).
Vacuum trucks can also be used for cleaning contaminated soil.
Example
Bangalore, IndiaBangalore, India
A typical vacuum truck in India has a capacity of 3,000 liters (660Ã, gal? 790 US gal) and serves about five buildings a day. Assuming a one-year evacuation cycle a truck can serve around 3,000 to 4,000 buildings or 15,000 to 20,000 people. Hollow trucks are an alternative to the dangerous and embarrassing manual scavenger practices that became illegal in India with the 1993 Manual Scavenger Act. In Bangalore alone, it is estimated there are about 200 such trucks in 2012, serving even more. from 3 million people. These vacuum trucks are operated by private companies without the need for subsidies. The cost for emptying a septic tank is between 1,200 and 3,000 Rupees (USD 24 and 60) every two years. After three months of composting, a compost truck can be sold for 1,500 to 2,000 Rupees (USD 30 to 40). In the Bangalore area, compost is used primarily on bananas and coconut trees.
Compost can generate income because it replaces expensive fertilizer. If septage is dumped on the ground for composting, each vacuum truck requires 1 hectare (2.5 hectare) of land for composting.
See also
- Toilet bucket
- Sludge management
- Gong farmers
- Gully emptier
- Honeywagon
- The suction excavator
References
External links
- Factsheet on emptying and transporting motor
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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