Joule

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The joule ( ; symbol: J) is the energy derived unit in the International System of Units. This is equal to the energy transferred to (or work on) an object when the power of a newton acts on the object toward its movement over a distance of one meter (1 newton meter or N? M). This is also energy dissipated as heat when an electric current from one ampere passes through a one ohm resistance for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).

Dalam istilah pertama unit SI dasar dan kemudian dalam hal unit SI lainnya:

${\ displaystyle {\ text {J}} = {\ frac {{\ text {kg}} \ cdot {\ text {m}} ^ 2 }} {{\ text {s}} ^ 2}}} = {\ text {N}} \ cdot {\ text {m}} = {\ text {Pa}} \ cdot {\ text {m}} {3} = {\ text {W}} \ cdot {\ text {s}} = {\ text {C}} \ cdot {\ text {V}},} Â Â$

where kg is kilogram, m is meter, s is second, N is newton, Pa is pascal, W is watts, C is coulomb, and V is volts.

One joule can also be defined as:

• The work required to move a single coulomb electrical charge through a one volt voltage electric difference, or one "coulomb-volt" (C? V). This relationship can be used to determine the volt.
• The work required to generate one watts of power for one second, or one "watt-second" (W? s) (compare kilowatt-hourÃ, - 3.6 megajoules). This relationship can be used to determine watts.

Video Joule

Usage

This SI unit is named after James Prescott Joule. Like every unit of the International Unit System (SI) named for a person, the first letter of the symbol is capitalized (J). However, when the SI unit is spelled in English, it should always start with a lowercase letter ( joule ) - except in situations where the word anything in that position will be capitalized, as in the beginning sentence or material using title capitalization. Note that "degrees Celsius" matches this rule because "d" is lowercase. - Under the International System of Units , section 5.2.

Maps Joule

Confusion with newton meter

In mechanics, the concept of force (in some directions) has similar analogs in the concept of torque (around several angles):

The result of this similarity is that the SI unit for torque is the newton meter, which works algebraically to have the same dimensions as the joules. But they can not be exchanged. CGPM has given the energy unit the name joule , but has not given a special name torque unit, it is just a newton meter (N? M) - a compound name derived from the constituent part. The use of newton meters for torque and joules for energy is helpful to avoid misunderstanding and miscommunication.

The difference can be seen also in the fact that energy is a scalar - the point product of vector force and vector displacement. Conversely, torque is a cross - product vector of distance vector and force vector. Torque and energy are related to each other by equations

${\ displaystyle E = \ tau \ theta \,}$

where E is energy, ? is (vector magnitude) torque, and ? is a sweeping angle (in radians). Since radians are not dimensionless, torque and energy have the same dimensions.

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A practical example

One joule in everyday life represents around:

• The energy required to remove a medium-sized tomato (100 g) 1 m vertically from the surface of the Earth.
• Energy is released when the same tomato falls back to the ground.
• The energy needed to speed up 1 kg of mass at 1 m? ^-2 over a distance of 1 m.
• The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 0.24 Ã, Â ° C.
• Typical energy is released as heat by a person at rest every 1/60 second (about 17 ms).
• The human kinetic energy of 50 kg moves very slowly (0.2 m/s or 0.72 km/h).
• The kinetic energy of tennis ball 56 g moves at 6 m/s (22 km/h).
• The kinetic energy of an object 1 kg mass moves on ? 2 Ã,? Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã,/Ã,/.
• The amount of power required to power 1W LED for 1 s.

Since the joule is also a watt-second and the common unit for selling electricity to the home is kW? H (kilowatt-hour), a kW? H thus is 1000 W ÃÆ'â € "3600 s = 3.6 MJ (megajoule).

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Multiples

For additional examples, see: Order size (energy)

Zeptojoule: Indonesia Zeptojoule (zJ) is equal to one sextillionth (10 ^-21 ) of a joule. 160 zeptojoule is about one electronvolt.

Picojoule:
The Picojoule (pJ) equals one trillion (10 ^-12 ) of one joule.

Nanojoule:
Nanojoule (nJ) equals one billion (10 ^-9 ) of one joule. 160 nanojoule is the kinetic energy of a flying mosquito.

Microjoule: Indonesia Microjoule (? J) equals one million (10 ^-6 ) from one joule. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produces collisions of the microjoule order (7 TeV) per particle.

Millijoule: Page Millijoule (mJ) equals one thousandth (10 ^-3 ) of joules.

Kilojoule: Indonesia Kilojoule (kJ) equals a thousand (10 ³ ) joules. Label nutritious foods in most countries express energy in kilojoules (kJ).

One square meter of Earth receives about 1.4 kilojoules of sun radiation every second in full daylight.

Megajoule: 1 Megajoule (MJ) equals one million (10 ⁶ ) joules, or roughly kinetic energy from one megaton (ton) vehicle moving at a speed of 161 km/h.

The energy required to heat 10 liters of liquid water at a constant pressure of 0 ° C (32 ° F) to 100 ° C (212 ° F) is approximately 4.2 MJ.

One kilowatt hour of electricity is 3.6 megajoules.

Gigajoule: Indonesia Gigajoule (GJ) equals one billion (10 ⁹ ) Ã, joules. 6 GJ is about the chemical energy of burning 1 barrel (159Ã, l) of crude oil. 2 GJ is about the Planck energy unit.

Terajoule: Indonesia Terajoule (TJ) equals one trillion (10 ¹² ) joules; or about 0.278 GWh (which is often used in energy tables). About 63 TJ of energy is released by an atomic bomb that exploded over Hiroshima. The International Space Station, with a mass of about 450 megagrams and a 7.7 km/s orbital velocity, has a kinetic energy of about 13 TJ. By 2017 Hurricane Irma is estimated to have a peak wind energy of 112 TJ.

Petajoule:
Petajoule (PJ) is equal to one quadrillion (10 ¹⁵ ) joules. 210Ã, PJ is about 50 megaton TNT. This is the amount of energy released by Tsar Bomba, the largest man-made blast ever.

Exajoule: Indonesia Exajoule (EJ) equals one quintillion (10 ¹⁸ ) joules. The 2011 T-hsu earthquake and tsunami in Japan has 1.41 EJ of energy corresponding to its rating of 9.0 on the magnitude of the moment. US energy consumption per year is about 94 EJ.

Zettajoule: Indonesia Zettajoule (ZJ) equals one sextillion (10 ²¹ ) joule. The annual global human energy consumption is about 0.5 ZJ.

Yottajoule: Indonesia Yottajoule (YJ) equals one septillion (10 ²⁴ ) joules. This is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat all water on Earth by 1 Ã, Â ° C. The solar thermal output is about 400 YJ per second.

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Conversions

1 joule equals (roughly unless otherwise stated):

• 1 ÃÆ' - 10 ⁷ Ã, erg (exact)
• 6,241 ¹⁸ Ã, eV
• 0.2390 calories (gram calories)
• 2,391 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-4 (food calories)
• 9,4782 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-4 BTU
• 0.7376Ã, ft? lb (pound-leg)
• 23.7Ã, ft? pdl (foot-poundal)
• 2,7778 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-7 Ã, kW? h (Kilowatt hour)
• 2,7778 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-4 Ã, W? h (Watt clock)
• 9.8692 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-3 Ã, l? atm (liter atmosphere)
• 11.1265 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-15 Ã, g (by way of mass-energy equivalency)
• 1 ÃÆ' - 10 ^-44 foe (exact)

Appropriately defined units in terms of joules include:

• 1 calorific thermochemical = 4.184 J
• 1 International calorie table = 4.1868 J
• 1 W? h = 3600 J (or 3.6 kJ)
• 1 kW? h = 3.6 ÃÆ' - 10 ⁶ Ã, J (or 3.6 MJ)
• 1 W? s = 1Ã, J
• 1 ton TNT = 4.184Ã, GJ

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See also

• Fluence
• Watt seconds

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Notes and references

Source of the article : Wikipedia